1
Copyright
Cirrus Logic, Inc. 1998
(All Rights Reserved)
Cirrus Logic, Inc.
Crystal Semiconductor Products Division
P.O. Box 17847, Austin, Texas 78760
(512) 445 7222 FAX: (512) 445 7581
http://www.crystal.com
CS5525
CS5526
16-Bit/20-Bit Multi-Range ADC with 4-Bit Latch
Features
l
Delta-Sigma A/D Converter
- Linearity Error: 0.0015%FS
- Noise Free Resolution: 18-bits
l
Bipolar/Unipolar Input Ranges
- 25 mV, 55 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 2.5 V and 5 V
l
Chopper Stabilized Instrumentation Amplifier
l
On-Chip Charge Pump Drive Circuitry
l
4-Bit Output Latch
l
Simple three-wire serial interface
- SPITM and MicrowireTM Compatible
- Schmitt Trigger on Serial Clock (SCLK)
l
Programmable Output Word Rates
- 3.76 Hz to 202Hz (XIN = 32.768 kHz)
- 11.47 Hz to 616 Hz (XIN = 100 kHz)
l
Output Settles in One Conversion Cycle
l
Simultaneous 50/60 Hz Noise Rejection
l
System and Self-Calibration with
Read/Write Registers
l
Single +5 V Analog Supply
+3.0 V or +5 V Digital Supply
l
Low Power Mode Consumption: 4 mW
- 1.8 mW in 1 V, 2.5 V, and 5 V Input Ranges
General Description
The 16-bit CS5525 and the 20-bit CS5526 are highly in-
tegrated
A/D converters which include an
instrumentation amplifier, a PGA (programmable gain
amplifier), eight digital filters, and self and system cali-
bration circuitry.
The converters are designed to provide their own nega-
tive supply which enables their on-chip instrumentation
amplifiers to measure bipolar ground-referenced signals
100 mV. By directly supplying NBV with -2.5 V and
with VA+ at 5 V,
2.5 V signals (with respect to ground)
can be measured.
The digital filters provide programmable output update
rates between 3.76 Hz to 202 Hz (XIN = 32.768 kHz).
Output word rates can be increased by approximately 3X
by using XIN = 100 kHz. Each filter is designed to settle
to full accuracy for its output update rate in one conver-
sion cycle. The filters with word rates of 15 Hz or less
(XIN = 32.768 kHz) reject both 50 and 60 Hz (
3 Hz) line
interference simultaneously.
Low power, single conversion settling time, programma-
ble output rates, and the ability to handle negative input
signals make these single supply products ideal solu-
tions for isolated and non-isolated applications.
ORDERING INFORMATION
See page 26.
AIN+
AIN-
+
-
X20
Programmable
Gain
VA+
AGND
VREF+
VREF-
VD+
DGND
XIN XOUT
SDO
SDI
NBV
A0
A1
A2
A3
Latch
Differential
Digital Filter
Calibration
Register
Control
Register
Output
Register
4th Order
Delta-Sigma
Modulator
Calibration
Memory
Calibration
C
Clock
Gen.
SCLK
CS
CPD
JAN `98
DS202F1
CS5525 CS5526
2
DS202F1
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+, VD+ = 5 V 5%; VREF+ = 2.5 V, VREF- = AGND,
NBV = -2.1 V, FCLK = 32.768 kHz, OWR (Output Word Rate) = 15 Hz, Bipolar Mode, Input Range = 100 mV;
See Notes 1 and 2.)
Notes: 1. Applies after system calibration at any temperature within -40 C ~ +85 C.
2. Specifications guaranteed by design, characterization, and/or test.
3. Specification applies to the device only and does not include any effects by external parasitic
thermocouples. LSB = LSB
16
for the CS5525, and LSB
20
for the CS5526.
4. Drift over specified temperature range after calibration at power-up at 25 C.
5. See the section of the data sheet which discusses input models on page 15.
RMS NOISE
(Notes 6 and 7)
Notes: 6. Wideband noise aliased into the baseband. Referred to the input. Typical values shown for 25 C.
7. For Peak-to-Peak Noise multiply by 6.6 for all ranges and output rates.
8. For input ranges <100 mV and output word rates >60 Hz, 32.768 kHz chopping frequency is used.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Parameter
CS5525
CS5526
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Accuracy
Linearity Error
-
0.0015
0.003
-
0.0007
0.0015
%FS
No Missing Codes
16
-
-
20
-
-
Bits
Bipolar Offset
(Note 3)
-
1
2
-
16
32
LSB
Unipolar Offset
(Note 3)
-
2
4
-
3
2
64
LSB
Offset Drift
(Notes 3 and 4)
-
20
-
-
20
-
nV/C
Bipolar Gain Error
-
8
31
-
8
31
ppm
Unipolar Gain Error
-
16
62
-
16
62
ppm
Gain Drift
(Note 4)
-
1
3
-
1
3
ppm/C
Voltage Reference Input
Range
(VREF+) - (VREF-)
1
2.5
3.0
1
2.5
3.0
V
Common Mode Rejection
dc
50, 60 Hz
-
-
110
130
-
-
-
-
110
130
-
-
dB
dB
Input Capacitance
-
16
-
-
16
-
pF
CVF Current
(Note 5)
-
0.6
-
-
0.6
-
A/V
Output Rate
(Hz)
-3 dB Filter
Frequency
Input Range, (Bipolar/Unipolar Mode)
25 mV
55 mV
100 mV
1 V
2.5 V
5 V
3.76
3.27
90 nV
90 nV
130 nV
1.0 V
2.0 V
4.0 V
7.51
6.55
110 nV
130 nV
190 nV
1.5 V
3.0 V
7 V
15.0
12.7
170 nV
200 nV
250 nV
2.0 V
5.0 V
10 V
30.1
25.4
250 nV
300 nV
500 nV
4.0 V
10 V
15 V
60.0
50.4
500 nV
1.0 V
1.5 V
15 V
45 V
85 V
123.2 (Note 8)
103.6
2.0 V
4.0 V
8.0 V
72 V
190 V
350 V
168.9 (Note 8)
141.3
10 V
20.0 V
30 V
340 V
900 V
2.0 mV
202.3 (Note 8)
169.2
30 V
55 V
105 V
1.1 mV
2.4 mV
5.3 mV
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
3
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Continued)
Notes: 9. The minimum Full Scale Calibration Range (FSCR) is limited by the maximum allowed gain register
value (with margin). The maximum FSCR is limited by the
modulator's 1's density range.
10. The maximum full scale signal can be limited by saturation of circuitry within the internal signal path.
11. All outputs unloaded. All input CMOS levels.
Parameter
Min Typ
Max
Unit
Analog Input
Common Mode + Signal on AIN+ or AIN-
Bipolar/Unipolar Mode
NBV = -1.8 to -2.5 V
Range = 25 mV, 55 mV, or 100 mV
Range = 1 V, 2.5 V, or 5 V
NBV = AGND
Range = 25 mV, 55 mV, or 100 mV
Range = 1 V, 2.5 V, or 5 V
-0.150
NBV
1.85
0.0
-
-
-
-
0.950
VA+
2.65
VA+
V
V
V
V
Common Mode Rejection
dc
50, 60 Hz
-
-
120
120
-
-
dB
dB
Input Capacitance
-
10
-
pF
CVF Current on AIN+ or AIN-
(Note 5)
Range = 25 mV, 55 mV, or 100 mV
Range = 1 V, 2.5 V, or 5 V
-
-
100
1.2
300
-
pA
A/V
System Calibration Specifications
Full Scale Calibration Range
Bipolar/Unipolar Mode (Note 9)
25 mV
55 mV
100 mV
1 V
2.5 V
5 V
17.5
38.5
70
0.70
1.75
3.50
-
-
-
-
-
-
32.5
71.5
105
1.30
3.25
VA+
mV
mV
mV
V
V
V
Offset Calibration Range
Bipolar/Unipolar Mode
25 mV
55 mV
100 mV
(Note 10)
1 V
2.5 V
5 V
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.5
27.5
50
0.5
1.25
2.50
mV
mV
mV
V
V
V
Power Supplies
DC Power Supply Currents (Normal Mode)
I
A+
I
D+
I
NBV
-
-
-
1.3
15
400
1.7
30
550
mA
A
A
Power Consumption
Normal Mode
(Note 11)
Low Power Mode
Standby
Sleep
-
-
-
-
7.5
4.0
1.2
500
10
6.5
-
-
mW
mW
mW
W
Power Supply Rejection
dc Positive Supplies
dc NBV
-
-
95
110
-
-
dB
dB
CS5525 CS5526
4
DS202F1
5 V DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+, VD+ = 5 V 5%; GND = 0;
See Notes 2 and 12.))
Notes: 12. All measurements performed under static conditions.
13. I
out
= -100 A unless stated otherwise. (V
OH
= 2.4 V @ I
out
= -40 A.)
3.0 V DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+ = 5 V 5%; VD+ = 3.0 V 10%; GND = 0;
See Notes 2 and 12.))
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
High-Level Input Voltage
All Pins Except XIN and SCLK
XIN
SCLK
V
IH
0.6 VD+
3.5
(VD+) - 0.45
-
-
-
-
VD+
-
V
V
V
Low-Level Input Voltage
All Pins Except XIN and SCLK
XIN
SCLK
V
IL
-
0.0
-
-
-
-
0.8
1.5
0.6
V
V
V
High-Level Output Voltage
All Pins Except CPD and SDO (Note 13)
CPD, I
out
= -4.0 mA
SDO, I
out
= -5.0 mA
V
OH
(VA+) - 1.0
(VD+) - 1.0
(VD+) - 1.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
V
V
Low-Level Output Voltage
All Pins Except CPD and SDO, I
out
= 1.6 mA
CPD, I
out
= 2 mA
SDO, I
out
= 5.0 mA
V
OL
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.4
0.4
0.4
V
V
V
Input Leakage Current
I
in
-
1
10
A
3-State Leakage Current
I
OZ
-
-
10
A
Digital Output Pin Capacitance
C
out
-
9
-
pF
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
High-Level Input Voltage
All Pins Except XIN and SCLK
XIN
SCLK
V
IH
0.6 VD+
0.54 VA+
(VD+) - 0.45
-
-
-
-
VD+
-
V
V
V
Low-Level Input Voltage
All Pins Except XIN and SCLK
XIN
SCLK
V
IL
-
0.0
-
-
-
-
0.16 VD+
1.5
0.6
V
V
V
High-Level Output Voltage
All Pins Except CPD and SDO, I
out
= -400 A
CPD, I
out
= -4.0 mA
SDO, I
out
= -5.0 mA
V
OH
(VA+) - 0.3
(VD+) - 1.0
(VD+) - 1.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
V
V
Low-Level Output Voltage
All Pins Except CPD and SDO, I
out
= 400 A
CPD, I
out
= 2 mA
SDO, I
out
= 5.0 mA
V
OL
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.3
0.4
0.4
V
V
V
Input Leakage Current
I
in
-
1
10
A
3-State Leakage Current
I
OZ
-
-
10
A
Digital Output Pin Capacitance
C
out
-
9
-
pF
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
5
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(AGND, DGND = 0 V; See Note 14.))
Notes: 14. All voltages with respect to ground.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(AGND, DGND = 0 V; See Note 14.)
Notes: 15. No pin should go more negative than NBV - 0.3 V.
16. Applies to all pins including continuous overvoltage conditions at the analog input (AIN) pins.
17. Transient current of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up. Maximum input current for a power
supply pin is 50 mA.
18. Total power dissipation, including all input currents and output currents.
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
Parameter
Symbol
Ratio
Unit
Modulator Sampling Frequency
f
s
XIN/2
Hz
Filter Settling Time to 1/2 LSB (Full Scale Step)
t
s
1/f
out
s
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
DC Power Supplies
Positive Digital
Positive Analog
VD+
VA+
2.7
4.75
5.0
5.0
5.25
5.25
V
V
Analog Reference Voltage
(VREF+) - (VREF-)
VRef
diff
1.0
2.5
3.0
V
Negative Bias Voltage
NBV
-1.8
-2.1
-2.5
V
Parameter
Symbol Min
Max
Unit
DC Power Supplies
(Note 15)
Positive Digital
Positive Analog
VD+
VA+
-0.3
-0.3
+6.0
+6.0
V
V
Negative Bias Voltage
Negative Potential
NBV
+0.3
-3.0
V
Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies
(Note 16 and 17)
I
IN
-
10
mA
Output Current
I
OUT
-
25
mA
Power Dissipation
(Note 18)
PDN
-
500
mW
Analog Input Voltage
VREF pins
AIN Pins
V
INR
V
INA
-0.3
NBV - 0.3
(VA+) + 0.3
(VA+) + 0.3
V
V
Digital Input Voltage
V
IND
-0.3
(VD+) + 0.3
V
Ambient Operating Temperature
T
A
-40
85
C
Storage Temperature
T
stg
-65
150
C
CS5525 CS5526
6
DS202F1
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+ = 5 V 5%; VD+ = 3.0 V 10% or 5 V 5%;
Input Levels: Logic 0 = 0 V, Logic 1 = VD+; C
L
= 50 pF.))
Notes: 19. Device parameters are specified with a 32.768 kHz clock; however, clocks up to 100 kHz can be used
for increased throughput.
20. Specified using 10% and 90% points on waveform of interest. Output loaded with 50 pF.
21. Oscillator start-up time varies with crystal parameters. This specification does not apply when using an
external clock source.
22. Applicable when SCLK is continuously running.
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
Master Clock Frequency
(Note 19)
Internal Clock
External Clock
XIN
30
30
32.768
32.768
36
100
kHz
Master Clock Duty Cycle
40
-
60
%
Rise Times
(Note 20)
Any Digital Input Except SCLK
SCLK
Any Digital Output
t
rise
-
-
-
-
-
50
1.0
100
-
s
s
ns
Fall Times
(Note 20)
Any Digital Input Except SCLK
SCLK
Any Digital Output
t
fall
-
-
-
-
-
50
1.0
100
-
s
s
ns
Start-up
Oscillator Start-up Time
XTAL = 32.768 kHz
(Note 21)
t
ost
-
500
-
ms
Power-on Reset Period
t
por
-
1003
-
XIN
cycles
Serial Port Timing
Serial Clock Frequency
SCLK
0
-
2
MHz
SCLK Falling to CS Falling for continuous running SCLK
(Note 22)
t
0
100
-
-
ns
Serial Clock
Pulse Width High
Pulse Width Low
t
1
t
2
250
250
-
-
-
-
ns
ns
SDI Write Timing
CS Enable to Valid Latch Clock
t
3
50
-
-
ns
Data Set-up Time prior to SCLK rising
t
4
50
-
-
ns
Data Hold Time After SCLK Rising
t
5
100
-
-
ns
SCLK Falling Prior to CS Disable
t
6
100
-
-
ns
SDO Read Timing
CS to Data Valid
t
7
-
-
150
ns
SCLK Falling to New Data Bit
t
8
-
-
150
ns
CS Rising to SDO Hi-Z
t
9
-
-
150
ns
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
7
CS
SCLK
t
0
t
2
t
1
t
3
t
6
Continuous Running SCLK Timing (Not to Scale)
CS
SCLK
MSB
MSB-1
LSB
SDI
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
1
t
2
t
6
SDI Write Timing (Not to Scale)
CS
SCLK
MSB
MSB-1
LSB
SDO
t
7
t
8
t
1
t
2
t
9
SDO Read Timing (Not to Scale)
CS5525 CS5526
8
DS202F1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The CS5525 and CS5526 are 16-bit and 20-bit pin
compatible converters which include a chopper-
stabilized instrumentation amplifier input, and an
on-chip programmable gain amplifier. They are
both optimized for measuring low-level unipolar or
bipolar signals in process control and medical ap-
plications.
The CS5525/26 also include a fourth order delta-
sigma modulator, a calibration microcontroller,
eight digital filters, a 4-bit analog latch, and a serial
port. The digital filters provide any one of eight
different output update rates.
The CS5525/26 include a CPD (Charge Pump
Drive) output (shown in Figure 1). CPD provides a
negative bias voltage to the on-chip instrumenta-
tion amplifier when used with a combination of ex-
ternal diodes and capacitors. This enables the
CS5525/26 to measure negative voltages with re-
spect to ground, making the converters ideal for
thermocouple temperature measurements.
Theory of Operation
The CS5525/26 A/D converters are designed to op-
erate from a single +5 V analog supply and provide
several different input ranges. See the Analog
Characteristics section on page 3 for details.
Figure 1 illustrates the CS5525/26 connected to
generate their own negative bias supply using the
on-chip CPD (Charge Pump Drive). This enables
the CS5525/26 to measure ground referenced sig-
nals with magnitudes down to NBV (Negative Bias
Voltage, approximately -2.1 V in this example).
Figure 2 illustrates a charge pump circuit when the
converters are powered from a +3.0 V digital sup-
ply. Alternatively, the negative bias supply can be
generated from a negative supply voltage or a resis-
tive divider as illustrated in Figure 3.
XOUT
VD+
VA+
VREF+
VREF-
DGND
NBV
AIN+
SCLK
SDO
SDI
CS5525
XIN
CPD
CS
10
+5V
Analog
Supply
0.1
F
0.1
F
20
19
3
1
AGND
2
13
10
9
11
14
17
18
12
5
Optional
Clock
Source
Serial
Data
Interface
8
32.768 ~ 100 kHz
2.5V
Up to 100 mV Input
AIN-
4
10 k
0.1
F
Note: Cold-junction
measurement is performed
by a second A/D or via a
multiplexer.
10
F
0.015
F
1N4148
1N4148
+
BAV199
16
A3
15
A2
7
A1
6
A0
Charge-pump network
for VD+ = 5V only and
XIN = 32.768 kHz.
CS5526
*5M
* Optional, see Charge
Pump Drive section.
Logic Outputs:
A0 - A3 Switch from VA+ to AGND.
10 k
Figure 1. CS5525/26 Configured to use on-chip charge pump to supply NBV.
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
9
Figure 4 illustrates the CS5525/26 connected to
measure ground referenced unipolar signals of a
positive polarity using the 1 V, 2.5 V, and 5 V input
voltage ranges on the converter. For the 25 mV, 55
mV, and 100 mV ranges the signal must have a
common mode near +2.5 V (NBV = 0V).
The CS5525/26 are optimized for the measurement
of thermocouple outputs, but they are also well
suited for the measurement of ratiometric bridge
transducer outputs. Figure 5 illustrates the
CS5525/26 connected to measure the output of a
ratiometric differential bridge transducer while op-
erating from a single +5 V supply.
-5V
NBV
30.1K
34.8K
2N5087
or similar
-5V
2.1K
2.0K
NBV
+
10
F
10
F
+
Figure 2. Charge Pump Drive Circuit for VD+ = 3 V.
Figure 3. Alternate NBV Circuits.
XOUT
VD+
VA+
VREF+
VREF-
DGND
NBV
AIN+
AIN-
SCLK
SDO
SDI
CS5525
XIN
CPD
CS
10
+5V
Analog
Supply
0.1
F
0.1
F
20
19
3
4
1
AGND
2
13
10
9
11
14
17
18
12
5
Optional
Clock
Source
Serial
Data
Interface
8
32.768 ~ 100 kHz
2.5V
0 to +5V Input
CS5526
16
A3
15
A2
7
A1
6
A0
+
-
CM = 0 to VA+
Figure 4. CS5525/26 Configured for ground-referenced Unipolar Signals.
CS5525 CS5526
10
DS202F1
System Initialization
When power to the CS5525/26 is applied, they are
held in a reset condition until their 32.768 kHz os-
cillators have started and their start-up counter-tim-
er elapses. Due to the high Q of a 32.768 kHz
crystal, the oscillators take 400-600 ms to start. The
converter's counter-timer counts no more than
1024 oscillator clock cycles to make sure the oscil-
lator is fully stable. During this time-out period the
serial port logic is reset and the RV (Reset Valid)
bit in the configuration register is set. A reset can be
initiated at any time by writing a logic 1 to the RS
(Reset System) bit in the configuration register.
This automatically sets the RV bit until the RS bit
is written to logic 0, and the configuration register
is read. After a reset, the on-chip registers are ini-
tialized to the following states and the converters
are ready to perform conversions.
Command Operation
The CS5525/26 include a microcontroller with five
registers used to control the converter. Each regis-
ter is 24-bits in length except the 8-bit command
register (command, configuration, offset, gain, and
conversion data). After a system initialization or re-
set, the serial port is initialized to the command
mode and the converter stays in this mode until a
valid 8-bit command is received (the first 8-bits
into the serial port). Table 1 lists all the valid com-
mands. Once a valid 8-bit command (a read or a
write command word) is received and interpreted
by the command register, the serial port enters the
data mode. In data mode the next 24 serial clock
pulses shift data either into or out of the serial port
(72 serial clock pulses are needed if set-up register
is selected). See Table 2 for configuring the
CS5525/26.
XOUT
VD+
VA+
VREF+
VREF-
DGND
NBV
AIN+
AIN-
SCLK
SDO
SDI
CS5525
XIN
CPD
CS
10
+5V
Analog
Supply
0.1
F
0.1
F
+
-
20
19
3
4
1
AGND
2
13
10
9
11
14
17
18
12
5
Optional
Clock
Source
Serial
Data
Interface
30mV
F.S.
8
32.768 ~ 100kHz
16
A3
15
A2
7
A1
6
A0
CS5526
Figure 5. CS5525/26 Configured for Single Supply Bridge Measurement.
configuration register:
000040(H)
offset register:
000000(H)
gain register:
800000(H)
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
11
Reading/Writing On-Chip Registers
The CS5525/26's offset, gain, and configuration
registers are read/writable while the conversion
data register is read only.
To perform a read from a specific register, the R/W
bit of the command word must be a logic 1. The SC,
CC, and PS/R bits must be logic 0 and the CB
(MSB) bit must be a logic 1. The register to be writ-
ten is selected with the RSB2-RSB0 bits of the
command word.
To perform a write to a specific register, the R/W
bit of the command word must be a logic 0. The SC,
CC, and PS/R bits must be logic 0 and the CB (MSB)
bit must be a logic 1. The register to be written is se-
lected with the RSB2-RSB0 bits of the command
word. Figure 6 illustrates the serial sequence neces-
sary to write to, or read from the serial port.
If the Set-up Registers are chosen with the RSB2-
RSB0 bits, the registers are read or written in the
following sequence: Offset, Gain and Configura-
tion. This is accomplished by following one 8-bit
command word with three 24-bit data words for a
total of 72 data bits.
Command Register
D7(MSB)
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
CB
SC
CC
R/W
RSB2
RSB1
RSB0
PS/R
BIT
NAME
VALUE
FUNCTION
D7
Command Bit, CB
0
1
Null command (no operation). All command bits, including
CB must be 0.
Logic 1 for executable commands.
D6
Single Conversion, SC
0
1
Single Conversion not active.
Perform a conversion.
D5
Continuous Conversions,
CC
0
1
Continuous Conversions not active.
Perform conversions continuously.
D4
Read/Write, R/W
0
1
Write to selected register.
Read from selected register.
D3-D1
Register Select Bit,
RSB2-RSB0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Offset Register
Gain Register
Configuration Register
Conversion Data Register (read only)
Set-up Registers (Offset, Gain, Configuration)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
D0
Power Save/Run, PS/R
0
1
Run
Power Save
Table 1. Command Set
CS5525 CS5526
12
DS202F1
Configuration Register
* R indicates the bit value after the part is reset
D23(MSB)
D22
D21
D20
D19
D18
D17
D16
D15
D14
D13
D12
A3
A2
A1
A0
NU
CFS
NU
LPM
WR2
WR1
WR0
U/B
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
G2
G1
G0
PD
RS
RV
PF
PSS
DF
CC2
CC1
CC0
BIT
NAME
VALUE
FUNCTION
D23-D20
Latch Outputs, A3-A0
0000
R* Latch Output Pins A3-A0 mimic the D23-D20 Register bits.
D19
Not Used, NU
0
R Must always be logic 0.
D18
Chop Frequency Select,
CFS
0
1
R 256 Hz Amplifier chop frequency
32768 Hz Amplifier chop frequency
D17
Not Used, NU
0
R Must always be logic 0.
D16
Low Power Mode, LPM
0
1
R Normal Mode
Reduced Power mode
D15-D13
Word Rate, WR2-0
Note: For
XIN = 32.768kHz
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
R 15.0 Hz (2182 XIN cycles)
30.1 Hz (1090 XIN cycles)
60.0 Hz (546 XIN cycles)
123.2 Hz (266 XIN cycles)
168.9 Hz (194 XIN cycles)
202.3 Hz (162 XIN cycles)
3.76 Hz (8722 XIN cycles)
7.51 Hz (4362 XIN cycles)
D12
Unipolar/Bipolar, U/B
0
1
R Bipolar Measurement mode
Unipolar Measurement mode
D11-D9
Gain Bits, G2-G0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110/111
R 100 mV (assumes VREF = 2.5V)
55 mV
25 mV
1 V
5.0 V
2.5 V
Not Used.
D8
Pump Disable, PD
0
1
R Charge Pump Enabled
For PD = 1, the CPD pin goes to a Hi-Z output state.
D7
Reset System, RS
0
1
R Normal Operation
Activate a Reset cycle. To return to Normal Operation write bit to zero.
D6
Reset Valid , RV
0
1
R
No reset has occurred or bit has been cleared (read only).
Valid Reset has occurred. (Cleared when read.)
D5
Port Flag, PF
0
1
R Port Flag mode inactive
Port Flag mode active
D4
Power Save Select, PSS
0
1
R Standby Mode (Oscillator active, allows quick power-up)
Sleep Mode (Oscillator inactive)
D3
Done Flag, DF
0
1
R Done Flag bit is cleared (read only).
Calibration or Conversion cycle completed (read only).
D2-D0
Calibration Control Bits,
CC2-CC0
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
R Normal Operation (no calibration)
Offset -- Self-Calibration
Gain -- Self-Calibration
Offset Self-Calibration followed by Gain Self-Calibration
Not used.
Offset -- System Calibration
Gain -- System Calibration
Not Used.
Table 2. Configuration Register
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
13
Command Time
8 SCLKs
Data Time 24 SCLKs
(or 72 SCLKs for Set-up Registers)
Write Cycle
CS
SCLK
SDI
MSB
LSB
Command Time
8 SCLKs
CS
SCLK
SDI
Data Time 24 SCLKs
(or 72 SCLKs for Set-up Registers)
Read Cycle
SDO
MSB
LSB
Command Time
8 SCLKs
8 SCLKs Clear SDO Flag
SDO Continuous Conversion Read (PF bit = 1)
SDO
SCLK
SDI
t *
d
Data Time
24 SCLKs
MSB
LSB
* td = XIN/OWR clock cycles for each conversion except the
first conversion which will take XIN/OWR + 7 clock cycles
XIN/OWR
Clock Cycles
Figure 6. Command and Data Word Timing.
CS5525 CS5526
14
DS202F1
Analog Input
Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram of the analog in-
put signal path inside the CS5525/26. The front end
consists of a chopper-stabilized instrumentation am-
plifier with 20X gain and a programmable gain sec-
tion. The instrumentation amplifier is powered from
VA+ and from the NBV (Negative Bias Voltage) pin
allowing the CS5525/26 to be operated in either of
two analog input configurations. The NBV pin can
be biased to a negative voltage between -1.8 V and
-2.5 V, or tied to AGND. The choice of the operating
mode for the NBV voltage depends upon the input
signal and its common mode voltage.
For the 25 mV, 55 mV, and 100 mV input ranges, the
input signals to AIN+ and AIN- are amplified by the
20X instrumentation amplifier. For ground refer-
enced signals with magnitudes less then 100 mV, the
NBV pin should be biased with -1.8 V to -2.5 V. If
NBV is tied between -1.8 V and -2.5 V, the (Com-
mon Mode + Signal) input on AIN+ and AIN- must
stay between -0.150 V and 0.950 V to ensure prop-
er operation. Alternatively, NBV can be tied to
AGND where the input (Common Mode + Signal)
on AIN+ and AIN- must stay between 1.85 V and
2.65 V to ensure that the amplifier operates prop-
erly.
For the 1 V, 2.5 V, and 5 V input ranges, the instru-
mentation amplifier is bypassed and the input sig-
nals are directly connected to the Programmable
Gain block. With NBV tied between -1.8 V and
-2.5 V, the (Common Mode + Signal) input on
AIN+ and AIN- must stay between NBV and VA+.
Alternatively, NBV can be tied to AGND where
the input (Common Mode + Signal) on AIN+ and
AIN- pins can span the entire range between
AGND and VA+.
The CS5525/26 can accommodate full scale ranges
other than 25 mV, 55 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 2.5 V and
5 V by performing a system calibration within the
limits specified. See the Calibration section for
more details. Another way to change the full scale
range is to increase or to decrease the voltage refer-
ence to other than 2.5 V. See the Voltage Refer-
ence section for more details.
Three factors set the operating limits for the input
span. They include: instrumentation amplifier satu-
ration, modulator 1's density, and a lower reference
voltage. When the 25 mV, 55 mV or 100 mV range
is selected, the input signal (including the common
mode voltage and the amplifier offset voltage)
must not cause the 20X amplifier to saturate in ei-
ther its input stage or output stage. To prevent sat-
uration the absolute voltages on AIN+ and AIN-
must stay within the limits specified (refer to the
`Analog Input' table on page 3). Additionally, the
differential output voltage of the amplifier must not
exceed 2.8 V. The equation
ABS(VIN + VOS) x 20 = 2.8 V
defines the differential output limit, where
VIN = (AIN+) - (AIN-)
is the differential input voltage and VOS is the ab-
solute maximum offset voltage for the instrumenta-
tion amplifier (VOS will not exceed 40 mV). If the
VREF+
Differential 4th
order delta-
sigma modulator
Digital Filter
AIN+
AIN-
Programmable
Gain
VREF-
NBV
X20
Figure 7. Block Diagram of Analog Signal Path
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
15
differential output voltage from the amplifier ex-
ceeds 2.8 V, the amplifier may saturate, which will
cause a measurement error.
The input voltage into the modulator must not
cause the modulator to exceed a low of 20 percent
or a high of 80 percent 1's density. The nominal full
scale input span of the modulator (from 30 percent
to 70 percent 1's density) is determined by the
VREF voltage divided by the Gain Factor. See Ta-
ble 3 to determine if the CS5525/26 are being used
properly. For example, in the 55 mV range to de-
termine the nominal input voltage to the modulator,
divide VREF (2.5 V) by the Gain Factor (2.2727).
When a smaller voltage reference is used, the re-
sulting code widths are smaller causing the con-
verter output codes to exhibit more changing codes
for a fixed amount of noise. Table 3 is based upon
a VREF = 2.5 V. For other values of VREF, the val-
ues in Table 3 must be scaled accordingly.
Figure's 8 and 9 illustrate the input models for the
AIN and VREF pins. The dynamic input current for
each of the pins can be determined from the models
shown and is dependent upon the setting of the CFS
(Chop Frequency Select) bit. The effective input
impedance for the AIN+ and AIN- pins remains
constant for the three low level measurement rang-
es (25 mV, 55 mV, and 100 mV). The input current
is lowest with the CFS bit cleared to logic 0.
Note: Residual noise appears in the converter's baseband for
output word rates greater than 60 Hz if CFS is logic 0. By set-
ting CFS to logic 1, the amplifier's chop frequency chops at
32768 Hz eliminating the residual noise, but increasing the
current. Note that C=48pF is for input current modeling only.
For physical input capacitance see `Input Capacitance' spec-
ification under `Analog Characteristics' on page 3.
Note:
1. The converter's actual input range, the delta-sigma's nominal full scale input, and the delta-sigma's
maximum full scale input all scale directly with the value of the voltage reference. The values in the
table assume a 2.5 V VREF voltage.
Input Range
(1)
Max. Differential Output
20X Amplifier
VREF
Gain Factor
-
Nominal
(1)
Differential Input
-
(1)
Max. Input
25 mV
2.8 V
(2)
2.5V
5
0.5 V
0.75 V
55 mV
2.8 V
(2)
2.5V
2.272727...
1.1 V
1.65 V
100 mV
2.8 V
(2)
2.5V
1.25
2.0 V
3.0 V
1.0 V
-
2.5V
2.5
1.0 V
1.5 V
2.5 V
-
2.5V
1.0
2.5 V
5.0 V
5.0 V
-
2.5V
0.5
5.0 V
0V, VA+
Table 3. Relationship between Full Scale Input, Gain Factors, and Internal Analog Signal Limitations
AIN
25mV, 55mV, and 100mV Ranges
V
25mV
i = fV C
os
os
n
C = 48pF
CFS = 0 , f = 256 Hz
CFS = 1 , f = 32.768 kHz
AIN+
1V, 2.5 V, and 5V Ranges
C = 32pF
i = [(V ) - (V )] fC
n
AIN+
AIN-
AIN-
f = 32.768 kHz
Figure 8. Input models for AIN+ and AIN- pins
VREF+
C = 16pF
VREF-
i = [(VREF+) - (VREF-)] fC
n
f = 32.768 kHz
Figure 9. Input model for VREF+ and VREF- pins.
CS5525 CS5526
16
DS202F1
Charge Pump Drive
The CPD (Charge Pump Drive) pin of the convert-
ers can be used with external components (shown
in Figure 1) to develop an appropriate negative bias
voltage for the NBV pin. When CPD is used to gen-
erate the NBV, the NBV voltage is regulated with
an internal regulator loop referenced to VA+.
Therefore, any change on VA+ results in a propor-
tional change on NBV. With VA+ = 5 V, NBV's
regulation is set proportional to VA+ at approxi-
mately -2.1 V.
Figure 3 illustrates a means of supplying NBV volt-
age from a -5 V supply. For ground based signals
with the instrumentation amplifier engaged (when
in the 25mV, 55mV, or 100mV ranges), the voltage
on the NBV pin should at no time be less negative
than -1.8 V or more negative than -2.5 V. To pre-
vent excessive voltage stress to the chip the NBV
voltage should not be more negative than -3.0 V.
The components in Figure 1 are the preferred com-
ponents for the CPD filter. However, smaller ca-
pacitors can be used with acceptable results. The
10
F ensures very low ripple on NBV. Intrinsic
safety requirements prohibit the use of electrolytic
capacitors. In this case, two 0.47
F ceramic capac-
itors in parallel can be used.
The CPD pin itself is a tri-state output and enters
tri-state whenever the converters are placed into the
Sleep Mode, Standby Mode, or when the charge
pump is disabled (when the Pump Disable bit, bit
D8 in the configuration register, is set). Once in tri-
state, the digital current can increase if this CPD
output floats near 1/2 digital supply. To ensure the
CPD pin stays near ground and to minimize the
digital current, add a 5M
resistor between it and
DGND (see Figure 1). If the resistor is left out, the
digital supply current may increase from 2
A to 10
A.
Voltage Reference
The CS5525/26 are specified for operation with a
2.5 V reference voltage between the VREF+ and
VREF- pins of the devices. For a single-ended ref-
erence voltage, such as the LT1019-2.5, the refer-
ence's output is connected to the VREF+ pin of the
CS5525/26. The ground reference for the LT1019-
2.5 is connected to the VREF- pin.
The differential voltage between the VREF+ and
VREF- can be any voltage from 1.0 V up to 3.0 V,
however, the VREF- pin can not go below analog
ground.
Calibration
The CS5525/26 offer five different calibration
functions including self calibration and system cal-
ibration. However, after the CS5525/26 are reset,
they can perform measurements without being cal-
ibrated. In this case, the converters will utilize the
initialized values of the on-chip registers (Gain =
1.0, Offset = 0.0) to calculate output words for the
100 mV range. Any initial offset and gain errors
in the internal circuitry of the chips will remain.
The gain and offset registers, which are used for
both self and system calibration, are used to set the
zero and full-scale points of the converter's transfer
function. One LSB in the offset register is 2
-24
pro-
portion of the input span (bipolar span is 2 times the
unipolar span). The MSB in the offset register de-
termines if the offset to be trimmed is positive or
negative (0 positive, 1 negative). The converters
can typically trim 50 percent of the input span.
The gain register spans from 0 to (2 - 2
-23
). The
decimal equivalent meaning of the gain register is
where the binary numbers have a value of either
zero or one (b
0
corresponds to the MSB). Refer to
Table
4
for details.
D
b
0
2
0
b
1
2
1
b
2
2
2
...
b
N
2
N
+
+
+
+
b
i
2
i
i
0
=
N
=
=
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
17
The offset and gain calibration steps each take one
conversion cycle to complete. At the end of the cal-
ibration step, the calibration control bits will be set
back to logic 0, and the DF (Done Flag) bit will be
set to a logic 1. For the combination self-calibra-
tion (CC2-CC0= 011; offset followed by gain), the
calibration will take two conversion cycles to com-
plete and will set the DF bit after the gain calibra-
tion is completed. The DF bit will be cleared any
time the data register, the offset register, the gain
register, or the setup register is read. Reading the
configuration register alone will not clear the DF
bit.
Self Calibration
The CS5525/26 offer both self offset and self gain
calibrations. For the self-calibration of offset in the
25 mV, 55 mV, and 100 mv ranges, the converter
internally ties the inputs of the instrumentation am-
plifier together and routes them to the AIN- pin as
shown in Figure 10. For proper self-calibration of
offset to occur in the 25 mV, 55 mV, and 100 mV
ranges, the AIN- pin must be at the proper com-
mon-mode-voltage (i.e. AIN- = 0V, NBV must be
between -1.8 V to -2.5 V). For self-calibration of
offset in the 1.0 V, 2.5 V, and 5 V ranges, the inputs
of the modulator are connected together and then
routed to the VREF- pin as shown in Figure 11.
For self-calibration of gain, the differential inputs
of the modulator are connected to VREF+ and
Table 3.
Table 4. Offset and Gain Registers
Offset Register
One LSB represents 2
-24
proportion of the input span (bipolar span is 2 times unipolar span)
Offset and data word bits align by MSB (bit MSB-4 of offset register changes bit MSB-4 of data)
Gain Register
The gain register span is from 0 to (2-2
-23
). After Reset the MSB = 1, all other bits are 0.
MSB
LSB
Register
Sign
2
-2
2
-3
2
-4
2
-5
2
-6
2
-19
2
-20
2
-21
2
-22
2
-23
2
-24
Reset (R)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MSB
LSB
Register
2
0
2
-1
2
-2
2
-3
2
-4
2
-5
2
-18
2
-19
2
-20
2
-21
2
-22
2
-23
Reset (R)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A IN+
AIN-
S1
OP EN
S2
CLOSED
+
-
X20
+
-
Figure 10. Self Calibration of Offset (Low Ranges).
AIN+
AIN-
S1
OPEN
+
-
X20
+
-
S2
OPEN
S4
CLOSED
VREF-
S3
CL
O
S
E
D
Figure 11. Self Calibration of Offset (High Ranges).
CS5525 CS5526
18
DS202F1
VREF- as shown in Figure 12. For any input range
other than the 2.5 V range, the modulator gain error
can not be completely calibrated out. This is due to
the lack of an accurate full scale voltage internal to
the chips. The 2.5 V range is an exception because
the external reference voltage is 2.5 V nominal and
is used as the full scale voltage. In addition, when
self-calibration of gain is performed in the 25 mV,
55 mV, and 100 mV input ranges, the instrumenta-
tion amplifier's gain is not calibrated. These two
factors can leave the converters with a gain error of
up to 20% after self-calibration of gain. There-
fore, a system gain is required to get better accura-
cy, except for the 2.5 V range.
System Calibration
For the system calibration functions, the user must
supply the converters calibration signals which rep-
resent ground and full scale. When a system offset
calibration is performed, a ground reference signal
must be applied to the converter. See Figures 13
and 14. As shown in Figures 15 and 16, the user
must input a signal representing the positive full
scale point to perform a system gain calibration. In
either case, the calibration signals must be within
the specified calibration limits for each specific
calibration step (refer to the System Calibration
Specifications).
A IN+
A IN-
OPEN
+
-
X20
+
-
OPEN
CLOSED
VREF+
CLOSED
VREF-
+
-
Reference
Figure 12. Self Calibration of Gain (All Ranges).
+
-
X20
+
-
External
Connections
0V
+
-
AIN+
AIN-
CM +
-
Figure 13. System Calibration of Offset (Low Ranges).
+
-
X20
+
-
External
Connections
+
-
AIN+
AIN-
CM +
-
0V
Figure 14. System Calibration of Offset (High Ranges).
+
-
X20
+
-
External
Connections
Full S cale +-
A IN+
A IN-
CM
+
-
Figure 15. System Calibration of Gain (Low Ranges)
+
-
X20
+
-
External
Connections
Full S cale
+
-
A IN+
A IN-
CM
+
-
Figure 16. System Calibration of Gain (High Ranges).
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
19
Assuming a system can provide two known voltag-
es, equations can allow the user to manually com-
pute the calibration register's values based on two
uncalibrated conversions. The offset and gain cali-
bration registers are used to adjust a typical conver-
sion as follows:
Rc = (Ru + Co>>4) * Cg / 2
23
.
Calibration can be performed using the following
equations:
Co = (Rc0/G - Ru0) << 4
Cg = 2
23
* G
where G = (Rc1 - Rc0)/(Ru1-Ru0).
Note: Uncalibrated conversions imply that the gain and offset
registers are at default {gain register = 0x800000 (Hex) and
offset register = 0x000000 (Hex)}.
The variables are defined below.
V0
=
First calibration voltage
V1
=
Second calibration voltage (greater than V0)
Ru
=
Result of any uncalibrated conversion
Ru0
=
Result of uncalibrated conversion V0
(20-bit integer or 2's complement)
Ru1
= Result of uncalibrated conversion of V1
(20-bit integer or 2's complement)
Rc
=
Result of any conversion
Rc0
=
Desired calibration result of converting V0
(20-bit integer or 2's complement)
Rc1
=
Desired calibration result of converting V1
(20-bit integer or 2's complement)
Co
=
Offset calibration register value (24-bit 2's
complement)
Cg
=
Gain calibration register value
(24-bit integer)
>>
= The shift right operator (e.g. x >>2 is x shift-
ed right 2 bits)
<<
=
The shift left operator (e.g. x<<2 is x
shifted left 2 bits)
Note: The shift operators are used here to align the decimal
points of words of various lengths. Data to the right of the
decimal point may be used in the calculations shown. For the
CS5525 all conversion results (Ru, Rc...) are 16 bits instead
of 20 bits. To get the equations to work correctly pad the 16
bit results with four zeros (on the right).
Calibration Tips
Calibration steps are performed at the output word
rate selected by the WR2-WR0 bits of the configu-
ration register. Since higher word rates result in
conversion words with more peak-to-peak noise,
calibration should be performed at lower output
word rates. Also, to minimize digital noise near
the devices, the user should wait for each calibra-
tion step to be completed before reading or writing
to the serial port.
For maximum accuracy, calibrations should be per-
formed for offset and gain for each gain setting (se-
lected by changing the G2-G0 bits of the
configuration register). And if factory calibration is
performed using the system calibration capabilities
of the CS5525/26, the offset and gain register con-
tents can be read by the system microcontroller and
recorded in EEPROM. These same calibration
words can then be uploaded into the offset and gain
registers of the converters when power is first ap-
plied to the system, or when the gain range is
changed.
Two final tips include two ways to determine when
calibration is complete: 1) wait for SDO to fall. It
falls to logic 0 if the PF (Port Flag) bit of the con-
figuration register is set to logic 1; or 2) poll the DF
(Done Flag) bit in the configuration register which
is set at completion of calibration. Whichever
method is used, the calibration control bits (CC2-
CC0) will return to logic 0 upon completion of any
calibration.
Limitations in Calibration Range
System calibration can be limited by signal head-
room in the analog signal path inside the chip as
discussed under the Analog Input section of this
data sheet. System calibration can also be limited
by the intrinsic gain errors of the instrumentation
amplifier and the modulator. For gain calibrations
CS5525 CS5526
20
DS202F1
the input signal can be reduced to the point in
which the gain register reaches its upper limit of 2.0
(decimal) [FFFFFF Hex] (this is most likely to oc-
cur with an input signal approximately 1/2 the
nominal range). Alternatively, the input signal can
be increased to a point in which the modulator
reaches its one's density upper limit of 80% (this is
most likely to occur with an input signal approxi-
mately 1.5 times the nominal range). Also, for full
scale inputs larger than the nominal full scale value
of the range selected, there is some voltage at
which the various internal circuits may saturate due
to limited amplifier headroom (this is most likely to
occur on the 100 mV range setting when NBV = -
1.8 V).
Analog Output Latch Pins
The A3-A0 pins of the converters mimic the D23-
D20 bits of the configuration register. A3-A0 can
be used to control multiplexers and other logic
functions outside the converter. The outputs can
sink or source at least 1 mA, but it is recommended
to limit drive currents to less than 20
A to reduce
self-heating of the chip. These outputs are powered
from VA+, hence, their output voltage for a logic 1
will be limited to the VA+ voltage.
Serial Port Interface
The CS5525/26 serial interface consist of four pins,
SCLK, SDO, SDI, and CS. The CS pin must be
held low (logic 0) before SCLK transitions can be
recognized by the port logic. The SDO output will
be held at high impedance any time CS is a logic 1.
If the CS pin is tied low, the port can function as a
three wire interface.
The SCLK input is designed with a Schmitt-trigger
input to allow an optoisolator with slower rise and
fall times to directly drive the pin.
The SDO output is capable of sinking or sourcing
up to 5 mA to directly drive an optoisolator LED.
SDO will have less than a 400 mV loss in the drive
voltage when sinking or sourcing 5 mA.
Serial Port Initialization
The serial port is initialized to the command mode
whenever a power-on reset is performed inside the
converter, when the port initialization sequence is
completed, or whenever a command byte, data
word sequence is completed. The port initialization
sequence involves clocking 15 (or more) bytes of
all 1's, followed by one byte with the following bit
contents (11111110). This sequence places the
chips in the command mode where it waits for a
valid command.
Performing Conversions (With PF bit = 0)
Setting the SC (Single Conversion) bit of the com-
mand word to a logic 1 with the CB bit = 1, all other
command bits = 0, the CS5525/CS5526 will per-
form one conversion. At the completion of the con-
version the DF (Done Flag) bit of the configuration
register will be set to a logic 1. The user can read
the configuration register to determine if the DF bit
is set. If DF has been set, a command can be issued
to read the conversion data register to obtain the
conversion data word. The DF bit of the configu-
ration register will be cleared to logic 0 when the
data register, the gain register, the offset register, or
the set-up registers are read. Reading only the con-
figuration register will not clear the DF flag bit.
If an SC command is issued to the converters while
they are performing a conversion, the filter will re-
start a convolution cycle to perform a new conver-
sion.
Performing Conversions (With PF bit = 1)
Setting the PF bit of the configuration register to a
logic 1 enables the SDO output pin to behave as a
flag signal whenever conversions are completed.
This eliminates the need for the user to read the DF
flag bit of the configuration register to determine if
the conversion data word is available.
If the SC (Single Conversion) command is issued
(SC = 1, CB= 1, all other command bits = 0) the
SDO pin will go low at the completion of a conver-
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
21
sion. The user would then issue 8 SCLKs (with
SDI = logic 0) to clear the SDO flag. Upon the fall-
ing edge of the 8th SCLK, the SDO pin will present
the first bit (MSB) of the conversion word. 24
SCLKs (high, then low) are required to read the
conversion word from the port. The user must not
give an explicit command to read the conversion
data register when the PF bit is set to logic 1. The
data conversion word must be read before a new
command can be entered (if the SC command is
used with PF = 1).
If the CC (Continuous Conversion) command is is-
sued (CC = 1, CB =1, all other command bits = 0)
the SDO pin will go low at the completion of a con-
version. The user would then issue 8 SCLKs (with
SDI = logic 0) to clear the SDO flag. Upon the fall-
ing edge of the 8th SCLK, the SDO pin will present
the first bit (MSB) of the conversion word. 24
SCLKs (high, then low) are required to read the
conversion word from the port. The user must not
give an explicit command to read the conversion
data register when the PF bit is set to logic 1. When
operating in the continuous conversion mode, the
user need not read every conversion. If the user
does nothing after SDO falls, SDO will rise one
XIN clock cycle before the next conversion word is
available and then fall again to signal that another
conversion word is available. If the user begins to
clear the SDO flag and read the conversion data,
this action must be finished before the conversion
cycle which is occurring in the background is com-
plete if the user wants to be able to read the new
conversion data.
To exit the continuous conversion mode, issue any
valid command to the SDI input when the SDO flag
falls. If a CC command is issued to the converter
while it is performing a conversion, the filter will
restart a convolution cycle to perform a new con-
version.
Output Word Rate Selection
The WR2-WR0 bits of the configuration register
set the output conversion word rate of the convert-
ers as shown in Table 2. The word rates indicated
in the table assume a master clock of 32.768 kHz.
Upon reset the converters are set to operate with an
output word rate of 15.0 Hz.
Clock Generator
The CS5525/26 include a gate which can be con-
nected with an external crystal to provide the master
clock for the chips. They are designed to operate us-
ing a low-cost 32.768 kHz "tuning fork" type crys-
tal. One lead of the crystal should be connected to
XIN and the other to XOUT. Lead lengths should be
minimized to reduce stray capacitance.
The converters will operate with an external
(CMOS compatible) clock with frequencies up to
three times the typical crystal frequency of 32.768
kHz. Figure 17 details the converter's performance
at increased clock rates.
The 32.768 kHz crystal is normally specified as a
time-keeping crystal with tight specifications for
both initial frequency and for drift over temperature.
To maintain excellent frequency stability, these
crystals are specified only over limited operating
temperature ranges (i.e. -10 C to +60 C). However,
applications with the CS5525/26 don't generally re-
quire such tight tolerances. When 32.768 kHz sur-
face mount crystals are used, it is recommended that
protection components, an external resistor and ca-
pacitor as shown in Figure 18, be used.
Figure 17. High Speed Clock Performance
CS5525 CS5526
22
DS202F1
Digital Filter
The CS5525/26 have eight different linear phase
digital filters which set the output word rates
(OWRs) as stated in Table 2. These rates assume
that XIN is 32.768 kHz. Each of the filters has a
magnitude response similar to that shown in Figure
19. The filters are optimized to settle to full accura-
cy every conversion and yield better than 80 dB re-
jection for both 50 and 60 Hz with output word
rates at or below 15.0 Hz.
The converter's digital filters scale with XIN. For
example with an output word rate of 15 Hz, the fil-
ter's corner frequency is typically 12.7 Hz. If XIN
is increased to 64.536 kHz the OWR doubles and
the filter's corner frequency moves to 25.4 Hz.
Output Coding
The CS5525/26 output data in binary format when
operating in unipolar mode and in two's comple-
ment when operating in bipolar mode.
The output conversion word is 24 bits, or three
bytes long, as shown in Table 5. The MSB is output
first followed by the rest of the data bits in descend-
ing order. For the CS5525 the last byte is composed
of bits D7-D4, which are always logic 1; D3-D2,
which are always logic 0; and bits D1-D0 which are
the two flag bits. For the CS5526 the last byte in-
cludes data bits D7-D4, D3-D2 which are always
logic 0 and the two flag bits.
The OF (Overrange Flag) bit is set to a logic 1 any
time the input signal is: 1) more positive than posi-
tive full scale, 2) more negative than zero (unipolar
mode), 3) more negative than negative full scale
(bipolar mode). It is cleared back to logic 0 when-
ever a conversion word occurs which is not over-
ranged.
The OD (Oscillation Detect) bit is set to a logic 1 any
time that an oscillatory condition is detected in the
modulator. This does not occur under normal oper-
ating conditions, but may occur whenever the input
XOUT
XIN
CS5525
CS5526
500 k
20 pF
32.768 kHz
VA+
VD+
Figure 18. Surface Mount Crystal Connection Diagram
Figure 19. Filter Response
(Normalized to Output Word Rate = 1)
Table 5. Data Conversion Word
Output Conversion Data CS5525 (16 bits + flags)
Output Conversion Data CS5526 (20 bits + flags)
D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
MSB 14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
1
1
1
1
0
0
OD OF
D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5
D4
D3 D2 D1 D0
MSB 18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
0
0
OD OF
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
23
to the converters is extremely overranged. If the OD
bit is set, the conversion data bits can be completely
erroneous. The OD flag bit will be cleared to logic 0
when the modulator becomes stable. Table 6 illus-
trates the output coding for the CS5525/26.
Power Consumption
The CS5525/26 accommodate four power con-
sumption modes: normal, low power, standby, and
sleep. The normal mode, the default mode, is en-
tered after a power-on-reset and typically con-
sumes 7.5 mW. The low power mode is an alternate
mode that reduces the consumed power to 4 mW. It
is entered by setting bit D16 (the low power mode
bit) in the configuration register to logic 1. Since
the converter's noise performance improves with
increased power consumption, slightly degraded
noise or linearity performance should be expected
in the low power mode. The final two modes are re-
ferred to as the power save modes. They power
down most of the analog portion of the chips and
stop filter convolutions. The power save modes are
entered whenever the PS/R bit and the CB bit of the
command word are set to logic 1. The particular
power save mode entered depends on state of bit
D4 (the Power Save Select bit) in the configuration
register. If D4 is logic 0, the converters enters the
standby mode reducing the power consumption to
1.2mW. The standby mode leaves the oscillator
and the on-chip bias generator running. This allows
the converters to quickly return to the normal or
low power mode once the PS/R bit is set back to a
logic 1. If D4 in the configuration register and CB
and PS/R in the command word are set to logic 1,
the sleep mode is entered reducing the consumed
power to less than 500 W. Since the sleep mode
disables the oscillator, approximately a 500ms os-
cillator start-up delay period is required before re-
turning to the normal or low power mode.
PCB Layout
The CS5525/26 should be placed entirely over an
analog ground plane with both the AGND and
DGND pins of the device connected to the analog
plane. Place the analog-digital plane split immedi-
ately adjacent to the digital portion of the chip.
Note: VFS in the table equals the voltage between ground and full scale for any of the unipolar gain ranges, or the
voltage between
full scale for any of the bipolar gain ranges. See text about error flags under overrange
conditions.
Unipolar Input
Voltage
Offset
Binary
Bipolar Input
Voltage
Two's
Complement
Unipolar Input
Voltage
Offset
Binary
Bipolar Input
Voltage
Two's
Complement
>(VFS-1.5 LSB)
FFFF
>(VFS-1.5 LSB)
7FFF
>(VFS-1.5 LSB) FFFFF
>(VFS-1.5 LSB)
7FFFF
VFS-1.5 LSB
FFFF
-----
FFFE
VFS-1.5 LSB
7FFF
-----
7FFE
VFS-1.5 LSB
FFFFF
-----
FFFFE
VFS-1.5 LSB
7FFFF
-----
7FFFE
VFS/2-0.5 LSB
8000
-----
7FFF
-0.5 LSB
0000
-----
FFFF
VFS/2-0.5 LSB
80000
-----
7FFFF
-0.5 LSB
00000
-----
FFFFF
+0.5 LSB
0001
-----
0000
-VFS+0.5 LSB
8001
-----
8000
+0.5 LSB
00001
-----
00000
-VFS+0.5 LSB
80001
-----
80000
<(+0.5 LSB)
0000
<(-VFS+0.5 LSB)
8000
<(+0.5 LSB)
00000
<(-VFS+0.5 LSB)
80000
Table 6. 5525/26 Output Coding
CS5525 16-Bit Output Coding
CS5526 20-Bit Output Coding
CS5525 CS5526
24
DS202F1
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Clock Generator
XIN; XOUT - Crystal In; Crystal Out, Pins 9, 10.
A gate inside the chip is connected to these pins and can be used with a crystal to provide the
master clock for the device. Alternatively, an external (CMOS compatible) clock can be
supplied into the XIN pin to provide the master clock for the device.
Control Pins and Serial Data I/O
CS - Chip Select, Pin 18.
When active low, the port will recognize SCLK. When high the SDO pin will output a high
impedance state. CS should be changed when SCLK = 0.
SDI - Serial Data Input, Pin 17.
SDI is the input pin of the serial input port. Data will be input at a rate determined by SCLK.
SDO - Serial Data Output, Pin 14.
SDO is the serial data output. It will output a high impedance state if CS = 1.
SCLK - Serial Clock Input, Pin 11.
A clock signal on this pin determines the input/output rate of the data for the SDI/SDO pins
respectively. This input is a Schmitt trigger to allow for slow rise time signals. The SCLK pin
will recognize clocks only when CS is low.
A0, A1, A2, A3 - Logic Outputs, Pin 6, 7, 15, 16.
The logic states of A0-A3 mimic the states of the D20-D23 bits of the configuration register.
Logic Output 0 = AGND, and Logic Output 1 = VA+.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
10
11
ANALOG GROUND
AGND
VREF+ VOLTAGE REFERENCE INPUT
POSITIVE ANALOG POWER
VA+
VREF- VOLTAGE REFERENCE INPUT
DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUT
AIN+
CS
CHIP SELECT
DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUT
AIN-
SDI
SERIAL DATA INPUT
NEGATIVE BIAS VOLTAGE
NBV
A3
LOGIC OUTPUT
LOGIC OUTPUT
A0
A2
LOGIC OUTPUT
LOGIC OUTPUT
A1
SDO
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
CHARGE PUMP DRIVE
CPD
VD+
POSITIVE DIGITAL POWER
CRYSTAL IN
XIN
DGND DIGITAL GROUND
CRYSTAL OUT
XOUT
SCLK SERIAL CLOCK INPUT
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
25
Measurement and Reference Inputs
AIN+, AIN- - Differential Analog Input, Pins 3, 4.
Differential input pins into the device.
VREF+, VREF- - Voltage Reference Input, Pins 20, 19.
Fully differential inputs which establish the voltage reference for the on-chip modulator.
NBV - Negative Bias Voltage, Pin 5.
Input pin to supply the negative supply voltage for the 20X gain instrumentation amplifier.
May be tied to AGND if AIN+ and AIN- inputs are centered around +2.5 V; or it may be tied
to a negative supply voltage (-2.1 V typical) to allow the amplifier to handle low level signals
more negative than ground.
CPD - Charge Pump Drive, Pin 8.
Square wave output used to provide energy for the charge pump.
Power Supply Connections
VA+ - Positive Analog Power, Pin 2.
Positive analog supply voltage. Nominally +5 V.
VD+ - Positive Digital Power, Pin 13.
Positive digital supply voltage. Nominally +3.0 V or +5 V.
AGND - Analog Ground, Pin 1.
Analog Ground.
DGND - Digital Ground, Pin 12.
Digital Ground.
CS5525 CS5526
26
DS202F1
SPECIFICATION DEFINITIONS
Linearity Error
The deviation of a code from a straight line which connects the two endpoints of the A/D
Converter transfer function. One endpoint is located 1/2 LSB below the first code transition
and the other endpoint is located 1/2 LSB beyond the code transition to all ones. Units in
percent of full-scale.
Differential Nonlinearity
The deviation of a code's width from the ideal width. Units in LSBs.
Full Scale Error
The deviation of the last code transition from the ideal [{(VREF+) - (VREF-)} - 3/2 LSB].
Units are in LSBs.
Unipolar Offset
The deviation of the first code transition from the ideal (1/2 LSB above the voltage on the
AIN- pin.). When in unipolar mode (U/B bit = 1). Units are in LSBs.
Bipolar Offset
The deviation of the mid-scale transition (111...111 to 000...000) from the ideal (1/2 LSB below
the voltage on the AIN- pin). When in bipolar mode (U/B bit = 0). Units are in LSBs.
SPITM is a trademark of Motorola Inc., MicrowireTM is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
ORDERING GUIDE
Model Number
Linearity Error (Max)
Temperature Range
Package
CS5525-AP
0.003%
-40
C to +85
C
20-pin 0.3" Plastic DIP
CS5525-AS
0.003%
-40
C to +85
C
20-pin 0.2" Plastic SSOP
CS5526-BP
0.0015%
-40
C to +85
C
20-pin 0.3" Plastic DIP
CS5526-BS
0.0015%
-40
C to +85
C
20-pin 0.2" Plastic SSOP
CS5525 CS5526
DS202F1
27
Notes: 1. Positional tolerance of leads shall be within 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) at maximum material condition, in
relation to seating plane and each other.
2. Dimension eA to center of leads when formed parallel.
3. Dimension E does not include mold flash.
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
0.155
0.180
3.94
4.57
A1
0.020
0.040
0.51
1.02
b
0.015
0.022
0.38
0.56
b1
0.050
0.065
1.27
1.65
c
0.008
0.015
0.20
0.38
D
0.960
1.040
24.38
26.42
E
0.240
0.260
6.10
6.60
e
0.095
0.105
2.41
2.67
eA
0.300
0.325
7.62
8.25
L
0.125
0.150
3.18
3.81
0
15
0
15
20 PIN PLASTIC (PDIP) PACKAGE DRAWING
E
D
SEATING
PLANE
b1
e
b
A
L
A1
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
SIDE VIEW
1
eA
c
CS5525 CS5526
28
DS202F1
Notes: 1. "D" and "E1" are reference datums and do not included mold flash or protrusions, but do include mold
mismatch and are measured at the parting line, mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.20 mm per
side.
2. Dimension "b" does not include dambar protrusion/intrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be
0.13 mm total in excess of "b" dimension at maximum material condition. Dambar intrusion shall not
reduce dimension "b" by more than 0.07 mm at least material condition.
3. These dimensions apply to the flat section of the lead between 0.10 and 0.25 mm from lead tips.
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
NOTE
DIM
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
--
0.084
--
2.13
A1
0.002
0.010
0.05
0.25
A2
0.064
0.074
1.62
1.88
b
0.009
0.015
0.22
0.38
2,3
D
0.272
0.295
6.90
7.50
1
E
0.291
0.323
7.40
8.20
E1
0.197
0.220
5.00
5.60
1
e
0.024
0.027
0.61
0.69
L
0.025
0.040
0.63
1.03
0
8
0
8
20 PIN SSOP PACKAGE DRAWING
E
N
1 2 3
e
b
2
A1
A2
A
D
SEATING
PLANE
E1
1
L
SIDE VIEW
END VIEW
TOP VIEW
Preliminary Product Information
This document contains information for a new product.
Cirrus Logic reserves the right to modify this product without notice.
29
Copyright
Cirrus Logic, Inc. 1998
(All Rights Reserved)
Cirrus Logic, Inc.
Crystal Semiconductor Products Division
P.O. Box 17847, Austin, Texas 78760
(512) 445 7222 FAX: (512) 445 7581
http://www.crystal.com
CDB5525
CDB5526
CDB5525/26 Evaluation Board and Software
Features
l
Direct Thermocouple Interface
l
RS-232 Serial Communication with PC
l
On-board 80C51 Microcontroller
l
On-board Voltage Reference
l
Lab Windows/CVI
TM
Evaluation Software
- Register Setup & Chip Control
- FFT Analysis
- Time Domain Analysis
- Noise Histogram Analysis
l
On-board Charge Pump Drive Circuitry
l
Integrated RS-232 Test Mode
General Description
The CDB5525/26 is an inexpensive tool designed to
evaluate the performance of the CS5525 and CS5526,
16-bit and 20-bit Multi-Range Analog-to-Digital Convert-
ers (ADC).
The evaluation board includes an LT1019 voltage refer-
ence, an 80C51 microcontroller, an RS232
driver/receiver, and firmware. The 8051 controls the se-
rial communication between the evaluation board and
the PC via the firmware, thus, enabling quick and easy
access to all of the CS5525/26's registers.
The CDB5525/26 also includes software for Time Do-
main Analysis, Histogram Analysis, and Frequency
Domain Analysis.
ORDERING INFORMATION: CDB5526
NBV DRIVE
CIRCUITRY
REF+
AIN+
AIN-
REF-
J1
-5 ANALOG
+5 ANALOG
AGND
DGND
+5 DIGITAL
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
CRYSTAL
32768Hz
CS5526
AIN+
AIN-
NBV
XIN
XOUT
CS
SDI
SDO
SCLK
TEST
SWITCHES
OFF
ON
1
2
3
80C51
MICROCONTROLLER
RS232
DRIVER/RECEIVER
RS232
CONNECTOR
LEDs
RESET
CIRCUITRY
CRYSTAL
11.0592MHz
A3
A2
A1
A0
HDR6
CPD
JAN `98
DS202DB5
CDB5525 CDB5526
30
DS202DB5
PART I: HARDWARE
Introduction
The CDB5525/26 evaluation board provides a
quick means of testing the CS5525 and CS5526
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). The board
interfaces the CS5525/26 to an IBM
TM
compatible
PC via an RS-232 interface while operating from a
+5V and -5V power supply. To accomplish this, the
board comes equipped with an 80C51 microcon-
troller and a 9-pin RS-232 cable physically inter-
faces the evaluation board to the PC. Additionally,
analysis software provides easy access to the inter-
nal registers of the converter, and provides a means
to display the converter's time domain, frequency
domain, and noise histogram performance.
Evaluation Board Overview
The board is partitioned into two main sections: an-
alog and digital. The analog section consists of the
CS5525 or the CS5526, a precision voltage refer-
ence, and the circuitry to generate a negative volt-
age. The digital section consists of the 80C51
microcontroller, the hardware test switches, the re-
set circuitry, and the RS-232 interface.
The CS5525/26 is designed to digitize low level
signals while operating from a 32.768 KHz crystal.
As shown in Figure 1, a thermocouple can be con-
nected to the converter's inputs via J1's AIN+ and
AIN- inputs. Note, a simple RC network filters the
thermocouple's output to reduce any interference
picked up by the thermocouple leads.
The evaluation board provides two voltage refer-
ence options, on-board and external. With HDR5's
jumpers in positions 1 and 4, the LT1019 provides
2.5 volts (the LT1019 was chosen for its low drift,
typically 5ppm/C). By setting HDR5's jumpers to
position 2 and 3, the user can supply an external
voltage reference to J1's REF+ and REF- inputs
(Application Note 4 in the back of the 1995 Crystal
Semiconductor Data Acquisition Databook details
various voltage references).
The ADC serial interface is SPI
TM
and
MICROWIRE
TM
compatible. The interface control
lines (CS, SDI, SDO, and SCLK) are connected to
the 80C51 microcontroller via port one. To inter-
face an external microcontroller, these control lines
are also connected to HDR6. However to accom-
plish this, the evaluation board must be modified in
one of three ways: 1) cut the interface control traces
going to the microcontroller, 2) remove resistors
R1-R8, or 3) remove the microcontroller.
Figure 2 illustrates the schematic of the digital sec-
tion. It contains the microcontroller, a Motorola
MC145407 interface chip, and test switches. The
test switches aid in debugging communication
problems between the CDB5525/26 and the PC.
The microcontroller derives its clock from an
11.0592 MHz crystal. From this, the controller is
configured to communicate via RS-232 at 9600
baud, no parity, 8-bit data, and 1 stop bit.
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
31
REF+
AIN+
AIN-
REF-
J1
+5V Analog
C21
0.1F
R18
301
R17
301
C2
4700pF
HDR5
C3
0.68F
C4
0.68F
3
4
20
19
HDR1
HDR2
1,LT1019
2,REF+
3,REF-
4,AGND
1, AGND
2, AIN+
1, AIN-
2, AGND
7
C15
0.1F
LT1019
2.5V
R22
50
1
U3
C30
10F
C16
0.1F
2
+5V Analog
R21
10
13
C11
0.1F
C31
10F
9
10
Y2
32768Hz
VA+
AGND
AIN+
AIN-
REF+
REF-
VD+
XIN
XOUT
18
CS
17
SDI
14
SDO
11
SCLK
16
A3
15
A2
7
A1
6
A0
12
DGND
To
Figure 2
5
NBV
C29
10F
D2
BAT85
+
U2
LM337_LZ
R20
1k
R19
1k
C13
0.1F
+
1
2
3
ADJ
VOUT
VIN
C22
1F +
-5V Analog
3
3
7
G
N
D
HDR4
D3
1N4148
8
CPD
1
2
C9
0.015F
D5
1N4148
TP70
TP68
U4
CS5526
R16
301
R15
301
C1
4700pF
HDR3
JP4
JP3
+5V Analog
JP5
JP6
Note: CS5525 and CS5526
are interchangeable
CPD
C
P
D
DO3
DO2
DO1
DO0
Figure 1. Analog Schematic Section
CDB5
52
5 CDB5
526
32
DS202DB5
CS
R1
1
200
SDI
R2
2
200
SDO
R3
3
200
SCLK
R4
4
200
DO3
R5
5
200
DO2
R6
6
200
DO1
R7
7
200
DO0
R8
8
200
18
Y1
11.0592MHz
19
C23
33pF
C0G
C24
33pF
C0G
9
+5V Digital
40
+5V Digital
39
R13
10k
+
1
8
+
2
7
+
3
6
+
4
5
R12
5.11k
R11
5.11k
R10
5.11k
14
13
12
11
10
C7
47F
C17
0.1F
+
Test Switch 1
Test Switch 2
Test Switch 3
21
22
23
24
S1
D1
LED_555_5003
RESET
COMM
GAINCAL
OFFSETCAL
JP2
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
XTAL1
XTAL2
C19
0.1F
Bypass
Cap
RESET
+5V Digital
R9
750k
C18
0.1F
D4
1N4148
RST
VSS
20
VDD
P0.0
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
From RS-232
TXD
RXD
TP71
TP72
16
15
14
13
12
11
Normal
Loopback
C28
10F
+
2
4
U1
MC145407
C27
10F
+
3
1
C25
10F
+
18
20
5
6
7
8
9
10
C2-
C2+
C1-
C1+
VCC
VDD
17
+5V Digital
C26
10F
+
R14
10k
5
6
7
8
4
1
9
3
2
RI
TXD
RXD
RTS
CTS
DTR
DSR
DCD
UM1
80C51
From
Figure 1
DO
3
DO
2
DO
1
DO
0
CS
SDI
SDO
SCL
K
HDR6
To RS-232
HDR7
Figure 2. Digital Schematic Section
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
33
Table 1 lists the RS-232 commands used to com-
municate between the PC and the microcontroller.
To develop additional code to communicate to the
evaluation board via RS-232, the following ap-
plies: to write to an internal ADC register, choose
the appropriate write command byte (See Table 1),
and transmit it LSB first. Then, transmit the three
data bytes lowest order byte (bits 7-0) first with the
LSB of each byte transmitted first. These three
data bytes provide the 24-bits of information to be
written to the desired register. To read from an in-
ternal register, choose the appropriate read com-
mand byte and transmit it LSB first. Then, the
microcontroller automatically acquires the ADC's
register contents and returns the 24-bits of informa-
tion. The returned data is transmitted lowest order
byte first with the LSB of each byte transmitted first.
Figure 3 illustrates the power supply connections to
the evaluation board. The +5V Analog supplies the
analog section of the evaluation board, the LT1019
and the ADC. The -5V Analog supplies the nega-
tive bias voltage circuitry. The +5V Digital sup-
plies a separate five volts to the digital section of
the evaluation board, the 80C51, the reset circuitry,
and the RS-232 interface circuitry.
Using the Evaluation Board
The CS5525/26 are highly integrated ADCs. They
contain an instrumentation amplifier (IA), a pro-
grammable gain amplifier (PGA), an on-chip
charge pump drive (CPD), and programmable out-
put word rates (OWR). The IA provides a set gain
of 20 while the PGA sets the input levels of the
ADC at either 25 mV, 55 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 2.5 V,
or 5 V (for VREF = 2.5 V). The CPD provides a
square wave output. This output is used to supply
the negative supply to the IA, enabling measure-
ments of ground referenced signals. The ADC's
digital filter allows the user to select output word
rates (OWR's) from 3.76 Hz up to 202 Hz. 606 Hz
output word rates can be attained when a 100kHz
clock source is used. Since the CS5525/26 have
such a high degree of integration and flexibility, the
CS5525/26 data sheet should be read thoroughly
before and consulted during the use of the
CDB5525/26.
Register
Read Command Byte
Write Command Byte
Offset Register
0x90 (H)
0x80 (H)
Gain Register
0x92 (H)
0x82 (H)
Configuration Register
0x94 (H)
0x84 (H)
Conversion Data Register
0x96 (H)
---
Table 1. Microcontroller Command via RS-232
+5V Analog
-5V Analog
Z2
P6KE6V8P
+
C6
47F
C20
0.1F
Z3
P6KE6V8P
+
C5
47F
C14
0.1F
+5V Digital
Z1
P6KE6V8P
+
C8
47F
C12
0.1F
+5V Analog
-5V Analog
+5V Digital
AGND
DGND
Figure 3. Power Supplies
CDB5525 CDB5526
34
DS202DB5
Negative Bias Voltage
The evaluation board provides three means of sup-
plying the Negative Bias Voltage (NBV). HDR4
selects between them. When HRD4 is in position
one, the LM337 supplies NBV with an adjustable
voltage. R19 is used to adjust this voltage between
-1.25 V and -5 V. When in position two, HDR4
grounds NBV. And by setting HDR4 to position
three, the converter's Charge Pump Drive provides
NBV with a dc rectified voltage, nominally -2.1 V.
Note: NBV should not exceed a voltage more negative
than -3.0 V.
Software
The evaluation board comes with software and an
RS-232 cable to link the evaluation board to the
PC. The executable software was developed with
Lab Windows/CVI
TM
and meant to run under Win-
dows
TM
3.1 or later. After installing the software,
read the readme.txt file for last minute changes in
the software. Additionally, Part II: Software fur-
ther details how to install and use the software.
IBM, AT and PS/2 are trademarks of International Busi-
ness Machines Corporation.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Lab Windows and CVI are trademarks of National
Instruments.
SPI
TM
is a trademark of Motorola.
MICROWIRE
TM
is a trademark of National Semicon-
ductor.
Name
Function Description
HDR1
Used to switch AIN+ between J1 input
and AGND.
HDR2
Used to switch AIN- between J1 input
and AGND.
HDR3
Used in conjunction with HDR4 to
switch the power for NBV from the
LM337, CPD or analog ground.
HDR4
Used in conjunction with HDR3 to
switch the power for NBV from the
LM337, CPD or analog ground.
HDR5
Used to switch VREF+ and VREF-
pins from external J1 connection
header to the on board LT1019 refer-
ence.
HDR6
Used to connect external micro-con-
troller.
HDR7
Used in conjunction with the self test
modes to test the UART communica-
tion between the microcontroller and
the PC.
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
35
PART II: SOFTWARE
Installation Procedure
To install the software:
1) Turn on the PC.
2) At DOS prompt type WIN to Launch Windows
3.1
TM
or later.
3) Insert the Installation Diskette into the PC.
4) From within the Windows Program Manager,
pull down File from the menu bar and select the
Run option.
5) At the prompt
type: A:\SETUP.EXE <enter>.
6) The program will begin installation.
7) After a few seconds, the user will be prompted
to enter the directory in which to install the
CVI Run-Time Engine
TM
. The Run-Time En-
gine
TM
manages executable created with Lab
Windows/CVI
TM
and takes approximately 1.5
megabytes of hard drive space. If the default
directory is acceptable, select OK and the Run-
Time Engine
TM
will be installed there.
8) After the Run-Time Engine
TM
is installed, the
user is prompted to enter the directory in which
to install the CDB5525/26 software. Select OK
to accept the default directory.
9) The program takes a few minutes to install. Af-
ter the program is installed, double click on the
Eval5526 icon to launch it. After a few seconds,
the user should be in the CS5525/26 environ-
ment.
Note: The software is written to run with 640 x 480
(standard VGA in Windows 3.1
TM
) resolution; however,
it will work with 1024 x 768 resolution. If the user inter-
face seems to be a little small, the user might consider
setting the display settings to the 640 x 480 standard
(640x480 was chosen to accommodate a variety of
computers).
Using the Software
At start-up, the window START-UP CONFIGU-
RATION appears first. This window contains in-
formation concerning the software's title, revision
number, copyright date, etc. Additionally, at the
top of the screen is a menu bar which displays user
options. Notice, the menu bar item Menu is initial-
ly disabled. This eliminates any conflicts with the
mouse or concurrent use of modems. Before pro-
ceeding any further, the user is prompted to select
the serial communication port. To initialize a port,
pull down option Setup from the menu bar and se-
lect either COM1 or COM2. After a port is initial-
ized, it is a good idea to test the RS-232 link
between the PC and the evaluation board. To do
this, pull down the Setup menu from the menu bar
and select the option TESTRS232. The user is then
prompted to set the evaluation board's test switches
to 011 and then reset the board. Once this is done,
proceed with the test. If the test fails, check the
hardware connection and repeat again. Otherwise,
set the test switches to 000 (normal mode) and reset
the board. The option Menu is now available and
performance tests can be executed.
The evaluation software provides three types of
analysis tests - Time Domain, Frequency Domain,
and Histogram. The Time Domain analysis pro-
cesses acquired conversions to produce a plot of
Conversion Sample Number versus Magnitude.
The Frequency Domain analysis processes ac-
quired conversions to produce a magnitude versus
frequency plot using the Fast-Fourier transform
(results up to Fs/2 are calculated and plotted). Also,
statistical noise calculations are calculated and dis-
played. The Histogram analysis test processes ac-
quired conversions to produce a histogram plot.
Statistical noise calculations are also calculated and
displayed (see figures 4 through figure 9).
The evaluation software was developed with Lab
Windows/CVI
TM
, a software development package
from National Instruments. More sophisticated
CDB5525 CDB5526
36
DS202DB5
analysis software can be developed by purchasing
the development package from National Instru-
ments (512-794-0100).
Menu Bars Overview
The menu bar controls the link between windows
and allows the user to exit the program. It also al-
lows the user to initialize the serial port and load
presaved data conversions from a file. The five
principal windows are the START UP CONFIGU-
RATION (also referred to as the Setup Window),
the Input / Output Window, the Histogram Win-
dow, the Power Spectrum Window (also referred to
as the FFT window), and the Time Domain Win-
dow.
Specifically, the menu bar has the following control
items:
Menu: To select, click on option Menu from the
menu bar, or use associated hot keys. The items as-
sociated with MENU are listed and described below.
Setup Window
(F1)
Input/Output Window
(F2)
Histogram Window
(F3)
Power Spectrum Window (F4)
Time Domain Window
(F5)
These five menu items allow the user to navigate
between the five windows. They are available at all
times via the menu bar or hot keys.
SETUP: To select, click on option Setup from the
menu bar. The functions available under Setup are:
COM1: When selected, COM1 is initialized to
9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop
bit.
COM2: When selected, COM2 is initialized to
9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop
bit.
Load From Disk: Used to load and display previ-
ously saved data conversions from a file. The
file must comply with the CDBCAPTURE
file save format. The format is: part number,
throughput (or sample rate), number of con-
versions, maximum range, and the data con-
versions. The user is prompted to enter the
path and file name of previously saved data.
To prevent hardware conflicts, this option is
deactivated while in the Input/Output Win-
dow.
TESTRS232: This test mode tests the ability of the
PC to communicate to the evaluation board.
It consists of two subtests: 1) test the link be-
tween the PC and the RS-232 interface cir-
cuitry; and 2) test the RS-232 link between
the PC and the microcontroller. HDR7 dis-
tinguishes these two subtests. Set HDR7 to
Normal to test the complete communication
link. Or set HDR7 to Loop Back to test the
link between the RS-232 Circuitry and the
PC. Then, set the test switches to 110 and re-
set the evaluation board. The LED's should
indicate a binary six signifying that the hard-
ware is ready to initiate the test. To complete
the test, the user must initialize the PC. First,
use the SETUP menu to select a communica-
tions port and then select the TESTRS232 op-
tion. From there, user prompts navigate the
user through the test. The PC indicates if the
test passes or fails. Once either test is com-
plete, the LED's toggle to indicate that the
test mode is complete.
PART: Allows user to select a different converter.
QUIT: Allows user to exit program.
Input/Output Window Overview
The Input/Output Window allows the user to read
and write to the internal register of the converter in
either binary or hexadecimal, and acquire real-time
conversions. It has quick access control icons that
quickly reset the converter, reset the converter's se-
rial port, or self-calibrate the converter's offset and
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
37
gain. The following are controls and indicators as-
sociated with this window.
Acquire: This is a control icon. When pressed, the
PC transmits the collect single conversion command
to the microcontroller. The microcontroller in turn
collects a conversion from the ADC and returns it to
the PC. The PC stores the conversion and collects
additional conversions to form a set. From the sam-
ple set collected, the high, the low, peak-to-peak, av-
erage, and standard deviation, are computed (the
size of the data set is set by the Num To Average in-
put) and then the display icons are updated. This
process continues until the STOP button is pressed,
or until another window is selected. Note: The
quick access control icons are disabled once Acquire
is selected. This eliminates potential hardware con-
flicts.
BINARY: Input icons set or clear the 24 individual
bits in the gain, configuration, or offset registers.
The bits are first set, then the control icon Write All
Registers is selected to update the registers in the
converter.
CONFIGURATION REGISTER: Text display
box that displays the decoded meaning of each bit
in the configuration register.
DECIMAL: Three display icons that display in
decimal the contents of the gain, configuration, and
offset registers.
DIGITAL OUTPUT: Display icon that displays
the four states of the output latch.
GAIN REGISTER: Display icon that displays the
decimal equivalent of the bits set in gain register.
HEX: Three input/display icons that allow a user to
set the 24 bits in the gain, configuration, or offset
registers via 6 hexadecimal nibbles. If the upper
nibbles in the registers are zero's, then leading zero
nibbles need to be entered.
Num To Average: Input icon that sets the size of
the data conversion set referred to when the Ac-
quire button is pressed.
Read All Registers: This is a control icon. When
pressed the gain, offset, and configuration registers
contents are acquired. Then, the configuration text
box and the register content icons are updated.
Reinitialize: This is a control icon. When pressed,
128 logic 1's followed by a logic `0' are sent to the
ADC's serial port to reset its port. It does not reset
the RS-232 link.
Reset A/D: This is a control icon. When pressed,
the microcontroller sends the appropriate com-
mands to return the converter to its initial default
state.
SELF Calibrate: This is a control icon. When
pressed, the appropriate commands are sent to the
ADC to calibrate its own offset and gain.
STOP: Stops the collection of conversion data.
Write All Registers: This is a control icon. When
pressed, the 72 binary input icons settings are ac-
quired. This data is then transmitted to the ADC's
gain, offset, and configuration registers. Then, the
PC's display is updated to reflect the registers changes.
CDB5525 CDB5526
38
DS202DB5
Histogram Window Overview
The following is a description of the controls and in-
dicators associated with the Histogram Window.
Many of the control icons are usable from the Histo-
gram Window, the Frequency Domain Window, and
the Time Domain Window. For brevity, they are
only described in this section.
BIN: Displays the x-axis value of the cursor on the
Histogram.
CANCEL: Once selected, it allows a user to exit
from the COLLECT algorithm. If data conversion
sample sets larger than 64 are being collected and
the CANCEL button is selected, it is recommended
that the user reset the evaluation board. The board
will eventually recover from the continuous collec-
tion mode, but the recovery time could be as long
as 10 minutes.
COLLECT: Initiates the data conversion collec-
tion process. COLLECT has two modes of opera-
tion: collect from file or collect from converter. To
collect from a file an appropriate file from the SET-
UP-DISK menu bar option must be selected. Once
a file is selected, its content is displayed in the
graph. If the user is collecting real-time conver-
sions to analyze, the appropriate COM port must be
selected. The user is then free to collect the preset
number of conversions (preset by the CONFIG
pop-up menu discussed below). Notice, there is a
significant acquisition time difference in the two
methods.
CONFIG: Opens a pop-up panel to configure how
much data is to be collected, and how to process the
data once it is collected. The following are controls
and indicators associated with the CONFIG panel.
SAMPLES: User selection of 64, 256, 512,
1024, 2048, 4096, or 8192 conver-
sions.
WINDOW: Used in the Power Spectrum Win-
dow to calculate the FFT. Window-
ing algorithms include the
Blackman, Blackman-Harris,
Hann, 5-term Hodie, and 7-term
Hodie. The 5-term Hodie and 7-
term Hodie are windowing algo-
rithms developed at Crystal Semi-
conductor. If information
concerning these algorithms is
needed, call technical support.
AVERAGE: Sets the number of consecutive
FFT's to perform and average.
LIMITED NOISE BANDWIDTH: Limits the
amount of noise in the converters
bandwidth. Default is 0 Hz.
OK: Accept the change
MAGNITUDE: Displays the y-axis value of the
cursor on the Histogram.
MAXIMUM: Indicator for the maximum value of
the collected data set.
MEAN: Indicator for the mean of the data sample set.
MINIMUM: Indicator for the minimum value of
the collected data set.
OUTPUT: Control that calls a pop-up menu. This
menu controls three options: 1) save current data
set to a file with the CDBCAPTURE format, 2)
print current screen, or 3) print current graph.
RESTORE: Restores the display of the graph after
zoom has been entered.
STD. DEV.: Indicator for the Standard Deviation
of the collected data set.
TEST: Quick access control icon, similar to the hot
keys, to allow user to quickly switch between a time
domain, a frequency domain, or a histogram display.
VARIANCE: Indicates the Variance for the cur-
rent data set.
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
39
ZOOM: Control icon that allows the operator to
zoom in on a specific portion of the current graph.
To zoom, click on the ZOOM icon, then click on the
graph to select the first point (the 1st point is the top
left corner of the zoom box). Then click on the
graph again to select the second point (the 2nd point
is the bottom right corner of the zoom box). Once an
area has been zoomed in to, the OUTPUT functions
can be used to print a hard copy of that region. Click
on RESTORE when done with the zoom function.
Frequency Domain Window (i.e. FFT)
The following describe the controls and indicators
associated with the Frequency Domain Window.
CANCEL: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
COLLECT: See description in Histogram Win-
dow Overview.
CONFIG: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
FREQUENCY: Displays the x-axis value of the
cursor on the FFT display.
MAGNITUDE: Displays the y-axis value of the
cursor on the FFT display.
OUTPUT: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
S/D: Indicator for the Signal-to-Distortion Ratio, 4
harmonics are used in the calculations (decibels).
S/N+D: Indicator for the Signal-to-Noise + Distor-
tion Ratio (decibels).
SNR: Indicator for the Signal-to-Noise Ratio, first
4 harmonics are not included (decibels).
S/PN: Indicator for the Signal-to-Peak Noise Ratio
(decibels).
TEST: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
ZOOM: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
# of AVG: Displays the number of FFT's averaged
in the current display.
Time Domain Window Overview
The following controls and indicators are associat-
ed with the Time Domain Window.
CANCEL: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
COLLECT: See description in Histogram Win-
dow Overview.
CONFIG: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
COUNT: Displays current x-position of the cursor
on the time domain display.
MAGNITUDE: Displays current y-position of the
cursor on the time domain display.
MAXIMUM: Indicator for the maximum value of
the collected data set.
MINIMUM: Indicator for the minimum value of
the collected data set.
OUTPUT: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
TEST: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
ZOOM: See description in Histogram Window
Overview.
Trouble Shooting the Evaluation Board
This section describes special test modes incorporated
in the microcontroller software to diagnose hardware
problems with the evaluation board.
Note: To enter these modes, set the test switches to the
appropriate position and reset the evaluation board. To re-
enter the normal operation mode, set the switches back to
binary zero and reset the board again.
Test Mode 0, Normal Mode: This is the default
mode of operation. To enter this mode, set the test
CDB5525 CDB5526
40
DS202DB5
switches to 000 and reset the board. The evaluation
board allows normal read/writes to the ADC's reg-
isters. All the LED's toggle on then off after reset,
and then only when communicating with the PC.
Test Mode 1, Loop Back Test: This test mode
checks the microcontroller's on-chip UART. To
enter this mode, set test switches to 001, set HDR7
for loop back, and then reset the board. If the com-
munication works, all the LED's toggle. Otherwise,
only 1/2 of the LED's toggle to indicate a commu-
nication problem.
Test Mode 2, Read/Write to ADC: This test mode
tests the microcontroller's ability to read and write
to the ADC. To enter this mode, set the switches to
010 and reset the board. In this test mode, the
ADC's configuration, offset, and gain registers are
written to and then read from. If the correct data is
read back, all the LED's toggle. Otherwise, only
half of them toggle to indicate an error.
Test Mode 3, Continuously Acquire Single Con-
version: This test mode repetitively acquires a sin-
gle conversion. To enter this mode, set the test
switches to 011 and press reset. A binary three is in-
dicated on the LED's. By probing HDR6 and using
CS as a triggering pin, an oscilloscope or logic an-
alyzer will display in real-time how the microcon-
troller reads conversion data.
Test Mode 4: Reserved for future modifications.
Test Mode 5, Continuously Read Gain Register:
This test mode repetitively acquires the gain regis-
ters default contents (0x800000 HEX). To enter
this mode, set the test switches to 101 and press re-
set. The LED's should indicate a binary five. By
probing HDR6 and using CS as a triggering pin, an
oscilloscope or logic analyzer will display in real-
time how the microcontroller acquires a conver-
sion.
Test Mode 6, PC to Microcontroller RS-232
Communication Link Test: This test mode tests
the ability of the PC to communicate to the evalua-
tion board. It consists of two subtests: 1) test the
link between the PC and the RS-232 interface cir-
cuitry; and 2) test the RS-232 link between the PC
and the microcontroller. HDR7 distinguishes these
two subtests. Set HDR7 to Normal to test the com-
plete communication link. Or set HDR7 to Loop
Back to test the link between the RS-232 Circuitry
and the PC. Then, set the test switches to 110 and
reset the evaluation board. The LED's should indi-
cate a binary six signifying that the hardware is
ready to initiate the test. To complete the test, the
user must initialize the PC. First, use the SETUP
menu to select a communications port and then se-
lect the TESTRS232 option. From there, user
prompts navigate the user through the test. The PC
indicates if the test passes or fails. Once either test
is complete, the LED's toggle to indicate that the
test mode is complete.
Test Mode 7, Toggle LED's: This test mode tests
the evaluation board LED's. To enter this mode, set
the test switches to 111 and reset the board. If the
mode passes, the LED's toggle.
Note: Remember, to return to the normal operating
mode, set the test switches to binary zero, return HDR7
to Normal, and reset the evaluation board
.
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
41
Figure 4. Main Menu
Figure 5. Input/Output Window
CDB5525 CDB5526
42
DS202DB5
Figure 6. Frequency Domain Analysis
Figure 7. Configuration Menu
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
43
Figure 8. Time Domain Analysis
Figure 9. Histogram Analysis
CDB5525 CDB5526
44
DS202DB5
Figure 10. CDB5525/26 Component Side Silkscreen
CDB5525 CDB5526
DS202DB5
45
Figure 11. CDB5525/26 Component Side (top)
CDB5525 CDB5526
46
DS202DB5
Figure 12. CDB5525/26 Solder Side (bottom)
Notes
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