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Электронный компонент: HA12181FP

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HA12181FP
AM Radio Noise Reduction System
ADE-207-171A (Z)
2nd. Edition
June 1997
Functions
Buffer amp. for audio
Linear approximate circuit for noise reduction
IF Amp., detector, audio amp. and AGC circuit for noise detection
Gate pulse generator
Features
High noise cancelling capacity: 46 dB typ.
Less gain loss: G
V
= 0.5 dB typ.
Low total harmonic destortion and high signal-to noise ratio: THD = 0.06% typ., S/N = 75 dB typ.
Operation supply voltage range: 7.0 V to 10 V (8.2 V typ.)
Less external parts count
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 2 of 21
Block Diagram
ANT
1st IFT
2nd IFT
RF
MIX
OSC
IF
Det.
AM-IC
IF Input
C501
1000 p
R506
12 k
AF Input
C513
1
SW1
SW2
SW4
SW5
SW3
+
IF AGC
C502
3.3
C503
0.01
C504
0.22
AF AGC
R502
22 k
OR
AF
AGC
Noise
AGC
HPF
AF
Amp.
LPF
IF
AGC
Det.
Pulse
Det.
LPF
IF
Amp.
Stabi.
Volt.
Pulse
Det.(1)
Pulse
Det.(2)
Gate pulse
Gen.
(1)
(2)
Gate pulse (1)
Gate pulse (2)
13
11
9
10
8
6
5
2
3
7
4
16
11
4
1
5
12
Stabilized
Voltage
Circuit
Level Diff.
Det.
Circuit
Stabilized
Current Circuit
(waveform
compensation)
Hight-pass Amp.
(waveform
compensation)
Phase
Circuit
Buffer
Amp.
C512
0.068
Capacitor
for Pahse
C511
0.033
Capacitor
for Hold
C510
0.033
Capacitor
for By-pass
C509
0.033
Capacitor
for waveform
compensation
AF Output
R504 4.7 k
R503 180 k
C508 1
Gate Time
Constant
C507
2200 p
C506
100
V
CC
(8.2 V)
Det.
+
+
+
Unit R :
C : F
C500
0.033
R505
47 k
R500
100 k
HPF1
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 3 of 21
Table of Pin Description and External Parts
External parts
Influence of External
parts
No.
of
pin Name
Function
DC
voltage
(V) (No
input)
Equivalent circuit
No.
recom-
mended
value
Larger
than
recom-
mended
value
Smaller
than
recom-
mended
value
1
IF AGC Time
2.7
R500
100 K
Longer
Longer
constant
for IF
AGC.
+
R500
100k
C502
3.3
1
C502
3.3
time to
stabilize
AGC.
distortion
of recover.
2
Bias1
Bypass
for
voltage
Stabi.
3.2
C500
0.033
2
C500
0.033
--
Increased
noise.
3
AF
input
Input of
AF.
3.3
C513
20k
3
+
AF IN
C513
1
--
--
4
Bias2
Decide
the
current of
filter
network.
1.3
4
R506
12 K
Cut off
frequency
of LPF
and HPF
shifted
lower.
Cut off
frequency
of LPF
and HPF
shifted
higher.
5
Phase
Phase
circuit
3.3
C512
0.068
5
C512
0.068
Must be used on the
recommended value.
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 4 of 21
Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont)
External parts
Influence of External
parts
No.
of
pin Name
Function
DC
voltage
(V) (No
input)
Equivalent circuit
No.
recom-
mended
value
Larger
than
recom-
mended
value
Smaller
than
recom-
mended
value
6
Hold
Hold of
level
differ-
ence.
3.3
C511
0.033
6
C511
0.033
Must be used on the
recommended value.
7
GND
GND
--
--
--
--
--
8
High-
Pass.
High-
Pass
AMP.
(Wave-
form
Compen-
sation)
3.3
C510
0.033
8
C510
0.033
Must be used on the
recommended value.
9
AF out Output of 3.3
C508
1
Output DC cut
AF
C508
1
9
+
R504
4.7k
R504
4.7 K
Output load
10
Wave
form
Wave-
form
Compen-
sation
3.3
C509
0.033
10
C509
0.033
Must be used on the
recommended value.
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 5 of 21
Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont)
External parts
Influence of External
parts
No.
of
pin Name
Function
DC
voltage
(V) (No
input)
Equivalent circuit
No.
recom-
mended
value
Larger
than
recom-
mended
value
Smaller
than
recom-
mended
value
11
Gate
Gate
R503
180 K
Gate
Gate
pulse
genera-
tion
4.5V
0
11
R503
180k
C507
2200p
C507
2200 P
pulse
width
become
wider.
pulse
width
become
narrow.
12
Vth
Determi-
nation of
noise
detection
sensitivit
y
1.1
12
R502
22k
R502
22 K
Higher
noise
detection
sensitivity.
Lower
noise
detection
sensitivity.
13
V
CC
V
CC
8.2
--
--
--
--
--
14
IF Det. IF AGC
detector
3.3
C503
0.01
14
13
C503
0.01
--
--
15
AF
Time
0
R505
47 K
Longer
Miss-
AGC
constant
for AF
AGC
15
R505
47k
C504
0.22
C504
0.22
time to
stabilize
AGC.
operaton
in noise
detector.
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 6 of 21
Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont)
External parts
Influence of External
parts
No.
of
pin Name
Function
DC
voltage
(V) (No
input)
Equivalent circuit
No.
recom-
mended
value
Larger
than
recom-
mended
value
Smaller
than
recom-
mended
value
16
IF in
IF input
1.3
IF Input
Coupling
30k
C501
1000p
16
IF IN
--
Instability
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Item
Symbol
Rating
Unit
Supply voltage
V
CC
16
V
Power dissipation
Pd
400*
1
mW
Operating temperature
Topr
40 to +85
C
Storage temperature
Tstg
55 to +125
C
Note:
1. Value at Ta = 85C
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 7 of 21
Electrical Characteristics (Tentative) (V
CC
= 8.2 V, Ta = 25C, Pin 3 input: Vin = 100
mVrms, f = 1 KHz, Pin 16 input: Vin = 74 dB, fc = 450 KHz, fm = 1 KHz, m = 30%)
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test conditions
Supply current
I
CC
--
11.0
--
mA
No input signal, IC only
Output voltage
Vout
70
95
120
mVrms Pin 3 input only
Total harmonic distortion
THD1
--
0.06
0.3
%
Signal-to-noise ratio
S/N (1)
60
75
--
dB
Pin 3 input Vin = 100 mVrms
(Reference), Rg = 10 K
Strong input total harmonic
distortion
THD2
--
1.0
2.5
%
Pin 3 input Vin = 500 mVrms
Recovered output voltage
V
O
(AF)
50
78
120
mVrms Pin 16 input only
Recovered output signal-to-
noise-ratio
S/N (2)
35
45
--
dB
Noise suppression ratio
NSR
35
46
--
dB
Input the waveform below.
Pin 3 input Vin = 100 mVrms
(Reference) no input sine wave
Pin 16 Input
2ms
100mV
10
s
Figure 1 Input Waveform at Measurement of Noise Suppression Ratio
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 8 of 21
Test Circuit
Unit R :
C : F
Det.Out
50
AM-SG
50
AF-SG
+
C513
1
C501
1000p
IF-IN
PULSE-IN
AF-IN
+
C506
100
C503
0.01
B
R502
15k
A
+
V
CC
(8.2V)
C504
0.22
R505
47k
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
R503
180k
C507
2200p
C509
0.033
R504
4.7k
+
C OUT
C508
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
16
R500
100k
C502
3.3
C500
0.033
R506
12k
C512
0.068
C511
0.033
C510
0.033
Note: 1. Resistors tolerance are within 5%.
2. Capacitors tolerance (C509 to C512) are within 5%, other capacitor are within 10%.
Operation Principle
ANT.
1st IFT
RF
CONV.
IF
DET
AM-IC
3
A
B
C
16
Processing
Waveform Circuit
D
9
Out
IF
Noise
Detector
HA12181FP
Figure 2 System Block Diagram of AM Radio
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 9 of 21
A system block diagram of AM Radio using the HA12181FP is shown in Figure 2 and waveforms at each
point in the system are illustrated in Figure 3. For AM wave with impulse noise from ANT, the pulse
spreads its width each time when the AM wave passes through a selection filter.
The pulse width becomes the order of several hundred microseconds at detector output (Point C).
A radio without a noise canceller produces large noise to the audience. This IC perfectly detects every
noise by using the signals from 1st IFT (Point B) in front of the narrow band filter.
The wave process circuit approximates the voltage linearly at the pulse to reduce the noise in the output.
The principle for wave processing follows. Further investigation make it clear that the pulse width of
impulse noise is constant (several handred microseconds) and independent of the waveform or waveheight.
Therefore the former and later voltage (VA, VB) of the pulse can be found at the same time (T1) by means
of the wave and the delayed one for this time, as shown in the right figure.
A
B
C
D
V
B
V
A
T
1
T
2
Point D
Point C
Narrower Pulse Width
and Higher Wave Height
Wider Pulse
Width and Lower Wave Height
Noiseless
Each Point
in the Figure
Waveform including Noise
Figure 3 Waveforms at Each Point in the System
In an actual circuit, the differential voltage between input and output of phase shift circuit is changed to the
capacitor C511 at pin 6.
At the time of T1, when the switch turns to the noise processing mode (the switch positions in Figure 4 are
inverted), the voltage difference (VA VB) is held in C511.
C509 at pin 10 is changed by the differential voltage between the held voltage and the output voltage at pin
9 (VA): VA (VA VB) = VB.
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 10 of 21
As the initial voltage of C509 is equal to the output voltage (VA) before the switch change, the voltage
between terminals of C509 is changed from VA to VB.
The waveform which change up to C509 becomes the output, because the voltage of C509 appears at pin 9
through the buffer.
The changed up waveform of C509 is almost linearly approximated because of the constant current change
by the feedback from the output at pin 9.
At the time of T2 when the awitches change to the normal mode (the switch position in Figure 4), the
output recovers smoothly as the voltage of C509 is VB.
However the unmatch of the wave delay time due to the pulse width or the phase circuit and the offset of
circuit make a slight step difference on the waverform at the moment of switch change.
LPF, consisting of R1 and C509 make it smooth.
The frequency characteristics, which is detriorated by LPF in the normalmode, is compensated so that it
might become flat. C509 and C510 should have the same capacity, and the tolerance must be within 5%.
C512
5
+
Phase
Circuit
3
HPFAmp.
+
Constant Current
Circuit(Subtraction
Circuit)
C511
6
8
C510
10
C509
R2
R1
Buffer
9
Out
Subtraction
Circuit
Figure 4 Waveform Processing Circuit
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 11 of 21
Evaluation Circuit for Noise Reduction Effect
1st IFT
2nd IFT
RF
MIX
OSC
IF
Det.
AM-IC
IF Input
C501
1000 p
R506
12 k
AF Input
C513
1
SW1
SW2
SW4
SW5
SW3
+
IF AGC
C502
3.3
C503
0.01
C504
0.22
AF AGC
R502
22 k
OR
AF
AGC
Noise
AGC
HPF
AF
Amp.
LPF
IF
AGC
Det.
Pulse
Det.
LPF
IF
Amp.
Stabi.
Volt.
Pulse
Det.(1)
Pulse
Det.(2)
Gate pulse
Gen.
(1)
(2)
Gate pulse (1)
Gate pulse (2)
13
11
9
10
8
6
5
2
3
7
4
16
11
4
1
5
12
Stabilized
Voltage
Circuit
Level Diff.
Det.
Circuit
Stabilized
Current Circuit
(waveform
compensation)
Hight-pass Amp.
(waveform
compensation)
Phase
Circuit
Buffer
Amp.
C512
0.068
Capacitor
for Pahse
C511
0.033
Capacitor
for Hold
C510
0.033
Capacitor
for By-pass
C509
0.033
Capacitor
for waveform
compensation
AF Output
R504 4.7 k
R503 180 k
C508 1
Gate Time
Constant
C507
2200 p
C506
100
V
CC
(8.2 V)
Det.
+
+
+
Unit R :
C : F
C500
0.033
R505
47 k
R500
100 k
50
AM SG.
50
Pulse SG.
Two signals
dummy ANT.
Noise Meter
HPF1
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 12 of 21
Example of Noise Reduction Effect
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
AM SG Output (EMF) (dB
)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
Output (dB)
120
V
CC
=8.2V
AM SG : fc=999kHz, m=30%, fm=1kHz
Pulse : No input
Vout
NRon
NRoff
Pulse : No input
Noise
AM SG : fc=999kHz,
no mod.
Pulse SG :
Refer to Figure.2
50
16
16
50
16
30
65p
15p
Pulse SG.
AM SG.
To
ANT
Two Signals dummy ANT.
Pulse SG Output (EMF)
100mV
P-P
10
s
2
s
Figure.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
AM SG Output (EMF) (dB
)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
Output (dB)
120
V
CC
=8.2V
AM SG : fc=999kHz, m=30%, fm=1kHz
Pulse : No input
Vout
50
16
16
50
16
30
65p
15p
Pulse SG.
AM SG.
To
ANT
Two Signals dummy ANT.
Pulse SG Output (EMF)
100mV
P-P
10
s
10
s
Figure.3
NRon
NRoff
Noise
AM SG : fc=999kHz,
no mod.
Pulse SG :
Refer to Figure.2
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 13 of 21
PC Board Layout Pattern
C506
+
C504
R501
C503
C501
C513
R506
C502
+
R500
+
C505
V
CC
IF in
AF in
C507
R503
R502
R504
C508
+
Vout
C509
C510
C511
C512
HA12181FP
16
(Top view)
HA12181FP
FN-8648
(Bottom view)
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 14 of 21
Main Characteristics
100
400
1 k
2 k
10 k
4 k
20 k
50 k
0
f (Hz)
40
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Vin max (Vrms)
10
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
Vout (dB)
200
Vout : Vin = 100 mVrms const
Vin Max
(THD
1.0%)
Vout
(0 dB = 96 mVrms)
100
400
1 k
2 k
10 k
4 k
0
f (Hz)
40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
THD (%)
200
Vin = 100 mVrms
0.5
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 15 of 21
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Vin (EMF) (dB
)
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Vout (dB)
120
Vo (AF) : 0 dB = 76 mVrms
Noise (no modulation)
fc = 450 kHz, m = 30%, fm = 1kHz
1 k
5 k
10 k
100 k
50 k
0.2
R (
)
0.5
1
2
5
V pulse (mVp-p)
10
20
50
Pulse input at Gate ON
V pulse
10s
2ms
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 16 of 21
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
V
CC
(V)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Vout (mVrms)
THD1 (%)
Vout
THD1
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
V
CC
(V)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
S/N1 (dB)
THD2 (%)
THD2 (Vin = 500 mVrms, f = 1 kHz)
S/N1
S : 100 mVrms = 0 dB
N : no-input
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 17 of 21
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
V
CC
(V)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Vo (AF) (mVrms)
Vin = 74 dB
fc = 450 kHz
fm = 1 kHZ
m = 30%
60
S/N2 (dB)
S/N2
Vo (AF)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
V
CC
(V)
50
40
30
20
10
0
60
NSR (pulse input)
I
CC
(no-input)
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 18 of 21
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
V
CC
(V)
V pulse (Pulse input level at Gate on)
V pulse (mVp-p)
100
80
60
40
20
0
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ta ( C)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Vout (AF) (mVrms)
V
CC
= 8.2 V
Vin = 100 mVrms, f = 1 kHz
THD1 (%)
Vout
THD1
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 19 of 21
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ta ( C)
50
40
30
20
10
0
I
CC
(mA)
60
NSR (dB)
NSR (pulse input)
I
CC
(no-input)
V
CC
= 8.2 V
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 20 of 21
Package Dimensions
Unit: mm
Hitachi Code
JEDEC Code
EIAJ Code
Weight
FP-16DA
--
SC-530-16C
0.24 g
0.22 0.05
0.42 0.08
0.12
0.15
M
2.20 Max
5.5
10.06
0.80 Max
16
9
1
8
10.5 Max
+ 0.20
0.30
7.80
0.70 0.20
0 8
0.10 0.10
1.15
1.27
0.40 0.06
0.20 0.04
HA12181FP
Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 21 of 21
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received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use.
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contact Hitachi's sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high
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of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation,
traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support.
4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly
for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation
conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used
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failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as fail-
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Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon,
Hong Kong
Tel : <852>-(2)-735-9218
Fax : <852>-(2)-730-0281
URL : http://www.hitachi.com.hk
Hitachi Europe Ltd.
Electronic Components Group.
Whitebrook Park
Lower Cookham Road
Maidenhead
Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom
Tel: <44> (1628) 585000
Fax: <44> (1628) 585160
Hitachi Europe GmbH
Electronic Components Group
Dornacher Strae 3
D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich
Germany
Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0
Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00
Hitachi Semiconductor
(America) Inc.
179 East Tasman Drive,
San Jose,CA 95134
Tel: <1> (408) 433-1990
Fax: <1>(408) 433-0223
For further information write to:
Colophon 2.0