HA13557AFH

Combo (Spindle & VCM) Driver

ADE-207-234A (Z)

2nd. Edition

July 1997

Description

This COMBO Driver for HDD application consists of Sensorless Spindle Driver and BTL type VCM
Driver.

Bipolar Process is applied and a "Soft Switching Circuit" for less commutation noise and a "Booster
Circuit" for smaller Saturation Voltage of Output Transistor are also implemented.

Features

Soft Switching Driver

Small Surface Mount Package: FP-48T (QFP48 Pin)

Low thermal resistance: 30

C/W with 4 layer multi glass-epoxy board

Low output saturation voltage

Spindle

1.44 V Typ (@1.8 A)

VCM

1.0 V Typ (@1.0 A)

Functions

2.2 A Max/3-phase motor driver

1.5 A Max BTL VCM Driver

Auto retract

Soft Switching Matrix

Start up circuit

Booster

Speed Discriminator

Internal Protector (OTSD, LVI)

POR

Power monitor

HA13557AFH

Pin Description

Pin Number Pin Name

Function

VBST

Boosted voltage output to realize the low output saturation voltage

VCMP

Output terminal on VCM driver

VCMN

Output terminal on VCM driver

BC2

To be attached the external capacitor for booster circuitry

BC1

ditto

6, TAB, 7

GND

Ground pins

W phase output terminal on spindle motor driver

RNF

Sensing input for output current on spindle motor driver

PCOMP

To be attached the external capacitor for phase compensation of spindle
motor driver

To be attached the center tap of the spindle motor for B-EMF sensing

V phase output terminal on spindle motor driver

U phase output terminal on spindle motor driver

C-PUMP

To be attached the external integral constants for speed control of spindle
motor

CLREF

Reference voltage input for current limiter of spindle motor driver

To be attached the external resistor for setting up the oscillation frequency of
start-up circuitry and the gain of speed control loop of spindle motor driver

Vpss

Power supply for spindle motor driver

18, TAB, 19

GND

Ground pins

Power supply for small signal block

LVI1

Sensing input for power monitor circuitry

DELAY

To be attached the external capacitor to generate the delay time for power on
reset signal

COMM

To be attached the external capacitor for setting up the oscillation frequency

POLSEL

To be selected the input status corresponding to the pole number of spindle
motor

CNTSEL

To select the count Number of Speed Discriminator

CLOCK

Master clock input for this IC

READY

Output of speed lock detector for spindle motor

SPNENAB

To select the status of spindle motor driver

POR

Output of power on reset signal for HDD system

30, TAB, 31

GND

Ground pins

VCMENAB

To select the status of VCM driver

GAIN

To select the Transfer conductance gm of VCM driver

HA13557AFH

Pin Description (cont)

Pin Number Pin Name

Function

No function

COMPOUT

Comparator output to detect the direction of output current on VCM driver

VREF1

Regulated voltage output to be used as reference of peripheral ICs

RESINH

Used for inhibiting the restart function of the spindle motor driver after power
down

OPIN (+)

Non inverted input of OP.Amp. to be used for filtering the signal on PWMOUT

VCTL

OP.Amp. output, this signal is used as control signal for VCM driver output

OPIN ()

Inverted input of OP.Amp. to be used for filtering the signal on PWMOUT

42, TAB, 43

GND

Ground pins

LVI2

Sensing input for power monitor circuitry

Vpsv

Power supply for VCM driver

RETPOW

Power supply for retract circuitry

RETON

To be attached the base terminal of external transistor for retracting

Sensing input for output current on VCM driver

HA13557AFH

Block Diagram

(+5V)

C102

B-EMF

AMP.

START-UP
CIRCUIT

CHARGE

PUMP

SOFT
SWITCHING
MATRIX

COMMUTATION

LOGIC

CURRENT
CONTROL

(D1)

1/32

SPEED DISCRI.

(CNT)

SPEED
READY

Vref1
(=4.6V)

OTSD

BOOSTER

POWER
MONITOR

POR
Delay

OPAMP.

BST

Vss
(+5V)

LVI1

R101

R102

R104

R103

LVI2

Vps
(+12V)

DELAY

C106

GND

POR
(L:RESET)

R105 Vss(+5V)

COMP
OUT

COMPARATOR

VCMN

R110

VCMP

RETON

RETPOW

Qret2

C109

Vpsv

PCOMP

C110

SPINDLE
DRIVER

RETRACT
DRIVER

VCM

DRIVER

Vss

Vps

BST

21 44

BST

Vps(+12V)

Vpss

C101

C103 COMM

CLREF

C-PUMP

R1b

R1a

SPNENAB

POLSEL

CLOCK

(5MHz Typ)

CNTSEL

READY

VCTL

OPIN()
OPIN(+)

Vref1

GAIN

VCM ENAB

BC1

C104

C105

BC2

BST

RESINH

C111

TAB
6, 7, 18, 19, 30,
31, 42, 43

R113

Qret1

R112

R109

R111

C112

HA13557AFH

3. Motor start-up seaquence

,,,

(a) Timing chart of start-up seaquence

SPNENAB

Rotation
Speed

Internal
READY

READY
(Pin 27)

(b) Retry circuitry for misstart-up

Open

Synchronous
Driving

Driving by
B-EMF
sensing

Switching

delay

Soft Switching*

No+

No*

Motor

Synchronous

driving

Driving by
B-EMF
sensing

(Motor off)

(Motor stop)

(not stop)

Motor

stop

detector

Note *1. Speed lock detection range

No is as follows.

*2. READY output goes to High, if the rotation speed error keeps to be less than

No longer time than tdelay.

No =1.2% when CNTSEL=H

=1.5% when CNTSEL=Open
=1.8% when CNTSEL=L

tdelay=

[ms]

250 · 10

fclk [Hz]

*3. The turning point of driving mode from switching synchronize to the turning
point of READY output from Low to High.

The HA13557FH has the motor stop detector as shown hatching block. This function is monitoring
the situation of the motor while the motor is running by B-EMF sensing. If the motor will be caused a
misstarting up, the motor will be automatically restarted within 200 ms after the motor stopped. This
function increase the reliability for the motor starting up.

HA13557AFH

Application

BC1

BC2

VBST

COMM

CLREF

C-PUMP

POLSEL

CNTSEL

READY

CLOCK

SPNENAB

VCMENAB

GAIN

RESINH

VREF1

OPIN()

VCTL

OPIN(+)

COMPOUT

POR

DELAY

C106

C102

R105

R101

R102

(+5V)

R1a

R1b

C103

C105

C104

Vpss

RNF

PCOMP

Vpsv

RETPOW

RETON

VCMP

VCMN

LVl2

LVl1

C101

C110

C109

R103

R104

Qret2

(+12V)

HA13557AFH

GND

PWMIN

C111

6 7 18 19 30 31 42 43 TAB

R111

R109

Qret1

Qret3

R113

R110

C112

R112

HA13557AFH

External Components

Parts No.

Recommended Value

Purpose

Note

R1a

(R1a + R1b)

10 k

V/I converter

1, 4, 6

R1b

(R1a + R1b)

10 k

Integral constant

R3 to R8

PWM filter

R101, R102

Setting of LVI1 voltage

R103, R104

Setting of LVI2 voltage

R105

5.6 k

Pull up

R109, R110

(R109 + R110)

10 k

Retout voltage adjust

R111, R112, R113

Retract Driver

1.0

Current sensing for VCM Driver

Rnf

Current sensing for Spindle Driver

Reduction for gain peaking

C1, C2

Integral constant

C3 to C6

PWM filter

Reduction for gain peaking

C101

0.1

Power supply by passing

C102

0.1

Power supply by passing

C103

Oscillation for start-up

C104

0.22

for booster

C105

2.2

for booster

C106

0.33

Delay for POR

C109

0.1

Power supply by passing

C110, C111

0.22

Phase compensation

C112

Phase compensation for Retract

Qret1, Qret2, Qret3

Retract Driver

TBD

Prevent of counter current

D2, D3, D4

Si · Diode

for rectification

HA13557AFH

Notes: 1. Output maximum current on spindle motor driver Ispnmax is determined by following equation.

Ispnmax =

[A]

R1b

R1a + R1b

(1)

where, V

: Reference Voltage on Pin 16 [V] (= 1.17)

2. Input clock frequency fclk on pin 26 is determined by following equation.

fclk =

· N

· P · D1 · (CNT 0.5) [Hz]

4
5

(2)

where, N

Standard rotation speed [rpm]

Number of pole

D1: Dividing ratio on divider 1

= 1/12 (when Pin 24 = Open) for 8 pole motor

= 1/18 (when Pin 24 = Low) for 12 pole motor

CNT:Count number on speed discriminator

CNT = 2605 (when Pin 25 = High)

= 2084 (when Pin 25 = Open)

= 1736 (when Pin 25 = Low)

3. Integral constants R2, C1 and C2 can be designed as follows.

[rad/s]

· 2 ·

(3)

R2 =

[

]

9.55

Rnf · J ·

· N

· (R1a + R1b)

· K

· Gctl

(4)

C1 =

[F]

10 ·

· R2

(5)

C2 = 10 · C1

[F]

(6)

where, J:

Moment of inertia [kg·cm·s

]

Torque constant [kg·cm/A]

Gctl: Current control amp gain from pin 14 to pin 9 (= 0.794)

4. It is notice that rotation speed error Nerror is caused by leak current Icer2 on pin 14 and this

error depend on R1a and R1b as following equation.

Nerror = Icer2 ·

[%]

· 100

(R1a + R1b)

VR1

(7)

where, Icer2: Ieak current on pin 14 [A]

5. Oscillation period t

COMM

on pin 23 which period determine the start up characteristics, is should be

chosen as following equation.

COMM

[s]

P · K

· Ispnmax

1
8

P · K

· Ispnmax

1
4

(8)

HA13557AFH

6. The capacitor C103 on pin 23 can be determined by t

COMM

and following equation.

C103 =

[F]

VR1

R1a + R1b

COMM

Vth

1
4

(9)

where, Vth

: Threshold voltage on start up circuit [V] (= 2.0)

Vth

: Threshold voltage on start up circuit [V] (= 0.5)

7. LVI operatig voltage Vsd1, Vsd2 and its hysteresis voltage Vhys1, Vhys2 can be determined by

following equations.

for V

R101
R102

Vsd1 = 1 + · Vth4

[V]

(10)

R101
R102

Vhys1 = 1 + · Vhyspm

[V]

(11)

for Vps

R103
R104

Vsd2 = 1 + · Vth3

[V]

(12)

R103
R104

Vhys2 = 1 + · Vhyspm

[V]

(13)

where, Vth3, Vth4: Threshold voltage on pin 21 and pin 44 [V] (= 1.39)

Vhyspm:

Hysteresis voltage on pin 21 and pin 44 [mV] (= 40)

Shut down voltage Vsd1, Vsd2 can be designed by the following range.

Vsd1

4.25 [V], Vsd2

10 [V]

8. The delay time t

DLY

POR

for power on reset is determined as follows.

C106 · Vth5

CH3

DLY

[s]

(14)

where, Vth5: Threshold voltage on pin 22 [V] (= 1.4)

CH3

Charge current on pin 22 [

A] (= 6)

9. The differential voltage (Vctl V

REF1

) using for control of VCM driver depend on PWMDAC input

PWMIN as follows.

PWM

100

Vctl V

REF1

= 2 · V

REF1

R6
R5

· H

FLT

(s)

(15)

where, D

PWM

Duty cycle on PWMIN [%]

FLT(S)

Normalized transfer function from PWMIN to pin 40 (Vctl) as shown in
equation (17)

To be satisfied with above equation (15), it is notice that the ratio of R6 to R7 must be choosen

as shown below.

R8
R7

= 2 ·

R6
R5

(16)

HA13557AFH

R6
R5

1 + s · C5 · R// C3 · (R// + R3) ·

+ C4 · (R// + R3 + R4)

R6
R5

+ s

· C5 · C4 · R// · (R3 + R4) C5 · C3 · R// · R3 ·

+ C3 · C4 · R4 · (R// + R3)

+ s

· C3 · C4 · C5 · R// · R3 · R4

FLT

(s)

(17)

where,

R// =

R7 · R8

R7 + R8

(18)

If you choose the R// << R3, then equation (17) can be simplified as following equation.

FLT

(s) =

1 +2 ·

1 +

(19)

where,

C5 · R//

(20)

n =

C3 · C4 · R3 · R4

(21)

C4 · (R3 + R4) C3 · R3 ·

2 · C3 · C4 · R3 · R4

R6
R5

(22)

10. The relationship between the output current Ivcm and the input voltage (Vctl V

REF1

) on VCM

driver is as follows.

Ivcm(s) = Vctl V

REF1

· Kvcm ·

· Hvcm(s)

(23)

where, Vctl:

Input control voltage for VCM driver on pin 40 [V]

REF1

Reference voltage on pin 37 [V] (= 4.6)

Kvcm:

DC gain of VCM driver

(= 1.74 for High gain mode)

(= 0.44 for Low gain mode)

Hvcm(s): Transfer function of VCM driver as shown following equation

Hvcm(s) =

1 + 2 ·

VCM

(24)

where,

VCM

(25)

HA13557AFH

1
2

VCM

1 +

(26)

where,

p: Bandwidth of internal power amplifiers for VCM driver [rad/s]

(= 3·

·10

)

Lm: Inductance of the VCM coil [H]

Resistance of the VCM coil [

]

and from above equations the -3 dB bandwidth f

VCMC

of VCM driver is as following equation.

VCM

2 ·

VCMC

1 2 ·

VCM

2 ·

VCM

+ 1

(27)

11. The frequency response of VCM driver maybe have a gain peaking because of the resonation of

the motor coil impedance. If you want to tune up for this characteristics, you can reduce the
peaking by additional snubber circuit R

and C

as follows.

BTL Driver

1/2 V

Coil

Figure 1 VCM Driver Block Diagram

100

10k

100k

Frequency (Hz)

(dB)

Normal

= 0.22

= 560

(for example) R

= 14.7

, R

= 1

, L = 1.7 mH, Gain = L

HA13557AFH

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25

Item

Symbol

Rating

Unit

Notes

Power supply voltage

Vps

+15

Signal supply voltage

Input voltage

Output current-Spindle

Iospn (Peak)

2.2

Iospn (DC)

1.8

Output current-VCM

Iovcm (Peak)

1.5

Iovcm (DC)

1.0

Power dissipation

Junction temperature

+150

5, 6

Storage temperature

Tstg

55 to +125

Notes: 1. Operating voltage range is 10.2 V to 13.8 V.

2. Operating voltage range is 4.25 V to 5.75 V.

3. Applied to Pin 24, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33 and pin 38

4. Operating junction temperature range is Tjop = 0

C to +125

5. ASO of upper and lower power transistor are shown below.

Operating locus must be within the ASO.

6. The OTSD (Over Temperature Shut Down) function is built in this IC to avoid same damages by

over heat of this chip. However, please note that if the junction temperature of this IC becomes
higher than the operating maximum junction temperature (Tjopmax = 125

C), the reliability of this

IC often goes down.

7. Thermal resistance:

j-a

C/W with 4 layer multi glass-epoxy board

100

VCE (V)

IC (A)

0.1

t=10ms
t=50ms
t=100ms

2.2

Figure 2 ASO of Output Stages (Spindle)

HA13557AFH

Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25

C, Vps = 12 V, V

= 5 V)

Item

Symbol Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Applicable
Pins

Note

Supply
current

for V

SS0

5.8

7.0

SPNENAB = Open
VCMENAB = L

SS1

SPNENAB = H
VCMENAB = H

for Vps

Ips0

1.7

2.2

SPNENAB = Open
VCMENAB = L

17, 45

Ips1

SPNENAB = H
VCMENAB = H

17, 45

Logic input 1
(GAIN)
(RESINH)

Input low voltage V

IL1

0.8

33, 38

Input high
voltage

IH1

2.0

Input low current I

IL1

Input = GND

Input high
current

IH1

Input = 5.0 V

Logic input 2
(CLOCK)

Input low voltage V

IL2

0.8

Input high
voltage

IH2

3.5

Input low current I

IL2

180

260

Input = GND

Input high
current

IH2

230

330

Input = 5.0 V

Logic input 3
(VCMENAB)

Input low voltage V

IL3

0.8

Input high
voltage

IH3

2.0

Input low current I

IL3

Input = GND

Input high
current

IH3

330

Input = 5.0 V

Logic input 4
(SPNENB)

Input low voltage V

IL4

1.0

Input middle
voltage

IM4

2.0

3.1

Input high
voltage

IH4

3.9

HA13557AFH

Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25

C, Vps = 12 V, V

= 5 V) (cont)

Item

Symbol Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Applicable
Pins

Note

Logic input 4
(SPNENB)

Input low current I

IL4

105

150

Input = GND

Input high
current

IH4

105

150

Input = 5.0V

Input dead
current

DEAD

Logic input 5
(POLSEL)
(CONTSEL)

Input low voltage V

IL5

1.0

24, 25

Input middle
voltage

IM5

2.0

3.1

Input high
voltage

IH5

3.9

Input low current I

IL5

Input = GND

Input high
current

IH5

Input = 5.0V

Spindle
driver

Total saturation
voltage

Vsatspn --

1.44

2.0

Ispn = 1.8A

8, 12, 13

0.75

Ispn = 0.6A

Saturation at
braking

Vbreak

0.7

Ibreak = 0.6A

Leak current

Icer1

2.0

SPNENAB=Open

Current limiter
reference
voltage

OCL

430

480

530

CLREF

= 500mV

= 1.0

Control amp
gain

Gctl

= 1.0

9, 14

Clamp diode
forward voltage

Vdf

1.6

1.9

2.2

Idf = 0.5A

8, 12, 13

B-EMF amp. Input sensitivity

Vmin

125

mVp-p

8, 12, 13

Charge
pump

Reference
voltage

VR1

1.06

1.17

1.28

R1a+R1b = 24k

14, 16

Charge current

CH1

C PUMP = 1.0V

Discharge
current

DIS1

Leak current

Icer2

HA13557AFH

Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25

C, Vps = 12 V, V

= 5 V) (cont)

Item

Symbol Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Applicable
Pins

Note

Speed discri Operating

frequency

fclk

8.0

MHz

Start up
circuit

Threshold
voltage

Vth

1.6

1.8

2.0

16, 23

Vth

0.3

0.5

0.7

Charge current

CH2

R1a + R1b = 24
k

Discharge
current

DIS2

COMM = 1 V

READY

Output high
voltage

Vohr

0.4

= 1 mA

Output low
voltage

Volr

0.4

= 1 mA

VCM driver

Total saturation
voltage

Vsatvcm --

1.0

1.38

Ivcm = 1.0 A

2, 3

0.5

0.69

Ivcm = 0.5 A

Output leak
current

Icer3

2.0

Vce = 15 V

Total output
offset voltage

Voff(H)

CTL

= OP ()

REF

= OP (+)

2, 48

Voff(L)

Output
quiescent
voltage

Vqvcm

5.6

6.0

6.4

= 14

= 1.0

2, 3

Total gain
bandwidth

kHz

= 1.0

= 28

2, 3

kHz

= 1.0

= 14

Transfer gain

gm (H)

1.74

A/V

Higain-mode
R

= 1.0

= 14

2, 34, 48

gm (L)

0.44

A/V

Logain-mode
R

= 1.0

= 14

HA13557AFH

Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25

C, Vps = 12 V, V

= 5 V) (cont)

Item

Symbol

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Applicable
Pins

Note

Retract
driver

Retpow voltage

Vretpow

0.8

Ireton = 0.1 mA

Retout sink
current

Ireton

Vretpow = 4.0 V

Output leak
current

Icer4

Vreton = 15 V,
Vretpow = 15 V

Low side
saturation
voltage

VsatVL

0.2

0.33

0.45

Iret = 0.1 A

OP Amp

Input current

Iinop

500

39, 41

Input offset
voltage

Vosop

(

Common mode
input voltage
range

Vcmop

Vps
0.2

Output high
voltage

Vohop

Vps
1.3

Iout = 1.0 mA

Output low
voltage

Volop

1.1

Iout = 1.0 mA

Comparator Input sensitivity

Vmin2

2, 3, 36

Output low
voltage

Volcp

0.4

= 1 mA

Output high
voltage

Vohcp

1.8

= 1 mA

Vref1

Output voltage

Vref1

4.0

= 20 mA

Output
resistance

Ro1

5.0

= 20 mA

Power
monitor

Threshold
voltage

Vth3

1.39

+3%

= 5 V

Hysteresis

Vhyspm1 25

= 5 V

Threshold
voltage

Vth4

1.38

+3%

= 4 V

Hysteresis

Vhyspm2 25

= 4 V

HA13557AFH

Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25

C, Vps = 12 V, V

= 5 V) (cont)

Item

Symbol Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Applicable
Pins

Note

POR

Output low
voltage

OL2

0.4

= 1 mA

OL3

0.4

= 1 mA

= Vps = 1.0 V

Output leak
current

Icer5

Vpor = 7 V

Threshold
voltage

Vth5

1.4

Charge current

CH3

25%

Discharge
current

DIS3

OTSD

Operating
temperature

Tsd

125

150

Hysteresis

Thys

Notes: 1. Design guide only.

2. Variations of threshold voltage Vth3 and Vth4 depending on the power supply V

are shown in

figure 4.

1.42

1.41

1.33

3.8

Power supply V

(V)

Threshold voltage Vth3, Vth4 (V)

4.0

5.0

4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8

5.2 5.4

6.0

5.6 5.8

1.40

1.39

1.38

1.37

1.36

1.35

1.34

Test condition of Vth3

Test condition of Vth4

Figure 4

Cautions

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for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation
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7. Contact Hitachi's sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor

products.

Hitachi, Ltd.

Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits.
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Tel: Tokyo (03) 3270-2111 Fax: (03) 3270-5109

Hitachi Asia Pte. Ltd.
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URL

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Europe

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Asia (Taiwan)

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Asia (HongKong)

: http://www.hitachi.com.hk/eng/bo/grp3/index.htm

Japan

: http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sicd/indx.htm

Hitachi Asia Ltd.
Taipei Branch Office
3F, Hung Kuo Building. No.167,
Tun-Hwa North Road, Taipei (105)
Tel: <886> (2) 2718-3666
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7/F., North Tower, World Finance Centre,
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Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Fax: <852> (2) 730 0281
Telex: 40815 HITEC HX

Hitachi Europe Ltd.
Electronic Components Group.
Whitebrook Park
Lower Cookham Road
Maidenhead
Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom
Tel: <44> (1628) 585000
Fax: <44> (1628) 778322

Hitachi Europe GmbH
Electronic components Group
Dornacher Stra§e 3
D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich
Germany
Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0
Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00

Hitachi Semiconductor
(America) Inc.
179 East Tasman Drive,
San Jose,CA 95134
Tel: <1> (408) 433-1990
Fax: <1>(408) 433-0223

For further information write to:

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