IRU1030
1
Rev. 1.3
08/20/02
www.irf.com
TYPICAL APPLICATION
DESCRIPTION
The IRU1030 is a low dropout three-terminal adjustable
regulator with minimum of 3A output current capability.
This product is specifically designed to provide well regu-
lated supply for low voltage IC applications such as
Pentium
TM
P54C
TM
, P55C
TM
as well as GTL+ termina-
tion for Pentium Pro
TM
and Klamath
TM
processor appli-
cations. The IRU1030 is also well suited for other pro-
cessors such as Cyrix
TM
, AMD and Power PC
TM
appli-
cations. The IRU1030 is guaranteed to have <1.3V drop-
out at full load current making it ideal to provide well
regulated outputs of 2.5V to 3.3V with 4.75V to 7V input
supply.
3A LOW DROPOUT POSITIVE
ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR
Notes: Pentium P54C, P55C, Klamath, Pentium Pro, VRE are trademarks of Intel Corp.Cyrix M2 is trademark of Cyrix Corp.
Power PC is trademark of IBM Corp.
T
J
(C) 2-PIN PLASTIC 3-PIN PLASTIC 3-PIN PLASTIC
TO-252 (D-Pak) TO-263 (M) TO-220 (T)
0 To 150 IRU1030CD IRU1030CM IRU1030CT
Data Sheet No. PD94124
Figure 1 - Typical Application of IRU1030 in a 5V to 3.3V regulator.
FEATURES
Guaranteed < 1.3V Dropout at Full Load Current
Fast Transient Response
1% Voltage Reference Initial Accuracy
Output Current Limiting
Built-In Thermal Shutdown
APPLICATIONS
Low Voltage Processor Applications such as:
P54C
TM
, P55C
TM
, Cyrix M2
TM
,
POWER PC
TM
, AMD
GTL+ Termination
PENTIUM PRO
TM
, KLAMATH
TM
Low Voltage Memory Termination Applications
Standard 3.3V Chip Set and Logic Applications
PACKAGE ORDER INFORMATION
5V
3.3V / 3A
R1
121
R2
200
C1
1500uF
C2
1500uF
IRU1030
1
2
3
Adj
V
IN
V
OUT
2
Rev. 1.3
08/20/02
IRU1030
www.irf.com
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage (V
IN
) .................................................... 7V
Power Dissipation ..................................................... Internally Limited
Storage Temperature Range ...................................... -65C To 150C
Operating Junction Temperature Range ..................... 0C To 150C
PACKAGE INFORMATION
2-PIN PLASTIC TO-252 (D-Pak)
3-PIN PLASTIC TO-263 (M)
3-PIN PLASTIC TO-220 (T)
Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over C
IN
=1
m
F, C
OUT
=10
m
F, and T
J
=0 to 150
8
C.
Typical values refer to T
J
=25
8
C.
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Note 1: Low duty cycle pulse testing with Kelvin con-
nections is required in order to maintain accurate data.
Note 2: Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum dif-
ferential voltage between V
IN
and V
OUT
required to main-
tain regulation at V
OUT
. It is measured when the output
voltage drops 1% below its nominal value.
Note 3: Minimum load current is defined as the mini-
mum current required at the output in order for the out-
put voltage to maintain regulation. Typically the resistor
dividers are selected such that this current is automati-
cally maintained.
Adj
V
IN
V
OUT
1
2
3
FRONT VIEW
Tab is
V
OUT
Adj
V
OUT
V
IN
1
2
3
FRONT VIEW
Tab is
V
OUT
Adj
Tab is
V
OUT
V
IN
1
3
FRONT VIEW
Reference Voltage
Line Regulation
Load Regulation (Note 1)
Dropout Voltage (Note 2)
Current Limit
Minimum Load Current (Note 3)
Thermal Regulation
Ripple Rejection
Adjust Pin Current
Adjust Pin Current Change
Temperature Stability
Long Term Stability
RMS Output Noise
PARAMETER
SYM TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Io=10mA, T
J
=25
8
C, (V
IN
-Vo)=1.5V
Io=10mA, (V
IN
-Vo)=1.5V
Io=10mA, 1.3V<(V
IN
-Vo)<7V
V
IN
=3.3V, V
ADJ
=0, 10mA<Io<3A
Note 2, Io=3A
V
IN
=3.3V,
D
Vo=100mV
V
IN
=3.3V, V
ADJ
=0V
30ms Pulse, V
IN
-Vo=3V, Io=3A
f=120Hz, Co=25
m
F Tantalum,
Io=1.5A, V
IN
-Vo=3V
Io=10mA, V
IN
-Vo=1.5V, T
J
=25
8
C,
Io=10mA, V
IN
-Vo=1.5V
Io=10mA, V
IN
-Vo=1.5V, T
J
=25
8
C
V
IN
=3.3V, V
ADJ
=0V, Io=10mA
T
J
=125
8
C, 1000Hrs
T
J
=25
8
C, 10Hz<f<10KHz
1.238
1.225
3.1
60
1.250
1.250
1.1
5
0.01
70
55
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.003
1.262
1.275
0.2
0.4
1.3
10
0.02
120
5
1
V
%
%
V
A
mA
%/W
dB
m
A
m
A
%
%
%V
O
V
REF
D
V
O
I
ADJ
JA
=70
C/W for 0.5" Square pad
JA
=35
C/W for 1" Square pad
JT
=2.7
C/W
JA
=60
C/W
IRU1030
3
Rev. 1.3
08/20/02
www.irf.com
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Introduction
The IRU1030 adjustable Low Dropout (LDO) regulator is
a three-terminal device which can easily be programmed
with the addition of two external resistors to any volt-
ages within the range of 1.25 to 5.5V. This regulator un-
like the first generation of the three-terminal regulators
such as LM117 that required 3V differential between the
input and the regulated output, only needs 1.3V differen-
tial to maintain output regulation. This is a key require-
ment for today's microprocessors that need typically
3.3V supply and are often generated from the 5V sup-
ply. Another major requirement of these microproces-
sors such as the Intel P54C
TM
is the need to switch the
load current from zero to several amps in tens of nano-
seconds at the processor pins, which translates to an
approximately 300 to 500ns current step at the regula-
tor. In addition, the output voltage tolerances are also
extremely tight and they include the transient response
as part of the specification. For example Intel VRE
TM
specification calls for a total of
100mV including initial
tolerance, load regulation and 0 to 4.6A load step.
The IRU1030 is specifically designed to meet the fast
current transient needs as well as providing an accurate
initial voltage, reducing the overall system cost with the
need for fewer output capacitors.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 2 - Simplified block diagram of the IRU1030.
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN # PIN SYMBOL
PIN DESCRIPTION
A resistor divider from V
OUT
to Adj pin to ground sets the output voltage.
The output of the regulator. A minimum of 10
F capacitor must be connected from this pin
to ground to insure stability.
The input pin of the regulator. Typically a large storage capacitor is connected from this
pin to ground to insure that the input voltage does not sag below the minimum drop out
voltage during the load transient response. This pin must always be 1.3V higher than V
OUT
in order for the device to regulate properly.
1
2
3
Adj
V
OUT
V
IN
V
IN
3
1 Adj
2 V
OUT
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
CURRENT
LIMIT
1.25V
+
+
4
Rev. 1.3
08/20/02
IRU1030
www.irf.com
Output Voltage Setting
The IRU1030 can be programmed to any voltages in the
range of 1.25V to 5.5V with the addition of R1 and R2
external resistors according to the following formula:
Where:
V
REF
= 1.25V Typically
I
ADJ
= 50
m
A Typically
R1 and R2 as shown in Figure 3:
Figure 3 - Typical application of the IRU1030
for programming the output voltage.
The IRU1030 keeps a constant 1.25V between the out-
put pin and the adjust pin. By placing a resistor R1 across
these two pins a constant current flows through R1, add-
ing to the I
ADJ
current and into the R2 resistor producing
a voltage equal to the (1.25/R1)
3
R2 + I
ADJ
3
R2 which
will be added to the 1.25V to set the output voltage.
This is summarized in the above equation. Since the
minimum load current requirement of the IRU1030 is
10mA, R1 is typically selected to be 121
V
resistor so
that it automatically satisfies the minimum current re-
quirement. Notice that since I
ADJ
is typically in the range
of 50
m
A it only adds a small error to the output voltage
and should only be considered when a very precise out-
put voltage setting is required. For example, in a typical
3.3V application where R1=121
V
and R2=200
V
the er-
ror due to I
ADJ
is only 0.3% of the nominal set point.
Load Regulation
Since the IRU1030 is only a three-terminal device, it is
not possible to provide true remote sensing of the output
voltage at the load. Figure 4 shows that the best load
regulation is achieved when the bottom side of R2 is
connected to the load and the top side of R1 resistor is
connected directly to the case or the V
OUT
pin of the
regulator and not to the load. In fact, if R1 is connected
V
OUT
R1
R2
V
IN
V
REF
I
ADJ
= 50uA
IRU1030
Adj
V
OUT
V
IN
R1
R2
V
IN
R
L
R
P
PARASITIC LINE
RESISTANCE
IRU1030
Adj
V
OUT
V
IN
V
OUT
= V
REF
3
1+
+I
ADJ
3
R2
R2
R1
(
)
to the load side, the effective resistance between the
regulator and the load is gained up by the factor of (1+R2/
R1), or the effective resistance will be R
P(eff)
=R
P
3
(1+R2/
R1). It is important to note that for high current applica-
tions, this can represent a significant percentage of the
overall load regulation and one must keep the path from
the regulator to the load as short as possible to mini-
mize this effect.
Figure 4 - Schematic showing connection
for best load regulation.
Stability
The IRU1030 requires the use of an output capacitor as
part of the frequency compensation in order to make the
regulator stable. Typical designs for microprocessor ap-
plications use standard electrolytic capacitors with a
typical ESR in the range of 50 to 100m
V
and an output
capacitance of 500 to 1000
m
F. Fortunately as the ca-
pacitance increases, the ESR decreases resulting in a
fixed RC time constant. The IRU1030 takes advantage
of this phenomena in making the overall regulator loop
stable. For most applications a minimum of 100
m
F alu-
minum electrolytic capacitor such as Sanyo MVGX se-
ries, Panasonic FA series as well as the Nichicon PL
series insures both stability and good transient response.
Thermal Design
The IRU1030 incorporates an internal thermal shutdown
that protects the device when the junction temperature
exceeds the maximum allowable junction temperature.
Although this device can operate with junction tempera-
tures in the range of 150
8
C, it is recommended that the
selected heat sink be chosen such that during maxi-
mum continuous load operation the junction tempera-
ture is kept below this number. The example below
shows the steps in selecting the proper regulator heat
sink for the GTL+ terminator using a separate regulator
for each end.
IRU1030
5
Rev. 1.3
08/20/02
www.irf.com
Assuming the following specifications:
The steps for selecting a proper heat sink to keep the
junction temperature below 135
C is given as:
1) Calculate the maximum power dissipation using:
2) Select a package from the regulator data sheet and
record its junction to case (or tab) thermal resistance.
Selecting TO-220 package gives us:
3) Assuming that the heat sink is black anodized, cal-
culate the maximum heat sink temperature allowed:
Assume,
u
cs=0.05
C/W (heat-sink-to-case thermal
resistance for black anodized)
4) With the maximum heat sink temperature calculated
in the previous step, the heat-sink-to-air thermal re-
sistance (
u
SA
) is calculated by first calculating the
temperature rise above the ambient as follows:
5) Next, a heat sink with lower
u
SA
than the one calcu-
lated in step 4 must be selected. One way to do this
is to simply look at the graphs of the "Heat Sink Temp
Rise Above the Ambient" vs. the "Power Dissipation"
and select a heat sink that results in lower tempera-
ture rise than the one calculated in the previous step.
The following heat sinks from AAVID and Thermalloy
meet this criteria.
Note: For further information regarding the above com-
panies and their latest product offerings and application
support contact your local representative or the num-
bers listed below:
AAVID................PH# (603) 528 3400
Thermalloy..........PH# (214) 243-4321
Designing for Microprocessor Applications
As it was mentioned before the IRU1030 is designed
specifically to provide power for the new generation of
the low voltage processors requiring voltages in the range
of 2.5V to 3.6V generated by stepping down the 5V
supply. These processors demand a fast regulator that
supports their large load current changes. The worst case
current step seen by the regulator is anywhere in the
range of 1 to 7A with the slew rate of 300 to 500ns which
could happen when the processor transitions from "Stop
Clock" mode to the "Full Active" mode. The load current
step at the processor is actually much faster, in the or-
der of 15 to 20ns, however the decoupling capacitors
placed in the cavity of the processor socket handle this
transition until the regulator responds to the load current
levels. Because of this requirement the selection of high
frequency low ESR and low ESL output capacitors is
imperative in the design of these regulator circuits.
Figure 5 shows the effects of a fast transient on the
output voltage of the regulator. As shown in this figure,
the ESR of the output capacitor produces an instanta-
neous drop equal to the (
V
ESR
=ESR
3
I) and the ESL
effect will be equal to the rate of change of the output
current times the inductance of the capacitor. (
V
ESL
=L
3
I/
t). The output capacitance effect is a droop in
the output voltage proportional to the time it takes for the
regulator to respond to the change in the current,
(
Vc=
t
3
I/C) where
t is the response time of the
regulator.
Air Flow (LFM)
0 100 200 300
Thermalloy 6109PB 6110PB 7141 7178
AAVID 575002 507302 576802B 577102
T
S
= T
J
- P
D
3
(
u
JC
+
u
CS
)
T
S
= 135 - 4.86
3
(2.7 + 0.05) = 121.7
8
C
u
JC
= 2.7
8
C/W
P
D
= I
OUT
3
(V
IN
- V
OUT
)
P
D
= 2.7
3
(3.3 - 1.5) = 4.86W
V
IN
= 3.3V
V
OUT
= 1.5V
I
OUT(MAX)
= 2.7A
T
A
= 35
8
C
u
SA
= = = 17.8
8
C/W
D
T
P
D
86.7
4.86
D
T = T
S
- T
A
= 121.7 - 35 = 86.7
8
C
T=Temperature Rise Above Ambient
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