LM324, LM324A,
LM224, LM2902,
LM2902V
SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNICAL DATA
QUAD DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
ORDERING INFORMATION
PIN CONNECTIONS
Order this document by LM324/D
D SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 751A
(SO14)
N SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 646
(LM224, LM324,
LM2902 Only)
14
1
14
1
8
Out 4
Inputs 4
VEE, Gnd
Inputs 3
Out 3
9
10
11
12
13
14
2
Out 1
VCC
Out 2
1
3
4
5
6
7
*
)
Inputs 1
Inputs 2
(Top View)
4
2
3
1
)
*
*
)
)
*
LM224N
Device
Operating
Temperature Range
Package
LM2902VD
LM2902VN
LM224D
LM324AD
LM324AN
LM324D
LM324N
TA = 40
to +125
C
TA = 25
to +85
C
TA = 0
to +70
C
Plastic DIP
Plastic DIP
SO14
SO14
SO14
SO14
Plastic DIP
Plastic DIP
LM2902D
LM2902N
TA = 40
to +105
C
SO14
Plastic DIP
1
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Quad Low Power
Operational Amplifiers
The LM324 series are lowcost, quad operational amplifiers with true
differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over standard
operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The quad amplifier
can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V with
quiescent currents about onefifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on
a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative
supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in
many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative
power supply voltage.
Short Circuited Protected Outputs
True Differential Input Stage
Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V
Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)
Four Amplifiers Per Package
Internally Compensated
Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
Industry Standard Pinouts
ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting
Device Operation
MAXIMUM RATINGS
(TA = + 25
C, unless otherwise noted.)
Rating
Symbol
LM224
LM324, LM324A
LM2902,
LM2902V
Unit
Power Supply Voltages
Vdc
Single Supply
VCC
32
26
Split Supplies
VCC, VEE
16
13
Input Differential
Voltage Range (See
Note 1)
VIDR
32
26
Vdc
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range
VICR
0.3 to 32
0.3 to 26
Vdc
Output Short Circuit
Duration
tSC
Continuous
Junction Temperature
TJ
150
C
Storage Temperature
Range
Tstg
65 to +150
C
Operating Ambient
Temperature Range
TA
25 to +85
0 to +70
40 to +105
40 to +125
C
NOTE: 1. Split Power Supplies.
Motorola, Inc. 1996
Rev 3
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
2
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25
C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224
LM324A
LM324
LM2902
LM2902V
Characteristics
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Input Offset Voltage
VIO
mV
VCC = 5.0 V to 30 V
(26 V for LM2902,
V), VICR = 0 V to
VCC 1.7 V, VO =
1.4 V, RS = 0
TA = 25
C
2.0
5.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
7.0
2.0
7.0
2.0
7.0
TA = Thigh(1)
7.0
5.0
9.0
10
13
TA = Tlow(1)
7.0
5.0
9.0
10
10
Average Temperature
Coefficient of Input
Offset Voltage
VIO/
T
7.0
7.0
30
7.0
7.0
7.0
V/
C
TA = Thigh to Tlow(1)
Input Offset Current
IIO
3.0
30
5.0
30
5.0
50
5.0
50
5.0
50
nA
TA = Thigh to Tlow(1)
100
75
150
200
200
Average Temperature
Coefficient of Input
Offset Current
IIO/
T
10
10
300
10
10
10
pA/
C
TA = Thigh to Tlow(1)
Input Bias Current
IIB
90
150
45
100
90
250
90
250
90
250
nA
TA = Thigh to Tlow(1)
300
200
500
500
500
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range(2)
VICR
V
VCC = 30 V (26 V for
LM2902, V)
0
28.3
0
28.3
0
28.3
0
24.3
0
24.3
VCC = 30 V (26 V for
LM2902, V),
TA = Thigh to Tlow
0
28
0
28
0
28
0
24
0
24
Differential Input
Voltage Range
VIDR
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
V
Large Signal Open
Loop Voltage Gain
AVOL
V/mV
RL = 2.0 k
, VCC =
15 V, for Large VO
Swing, TA = Thigh
to Tlow(1)
50
25
100
25
15
100
25
15
100
25
15
100
25
15
100
Channel Separation
10 kHz
f
20 kHz,
Input Referenced
CS
120
120
120
120
120
dB
Common Mode
Rejection, RS
10 k
CMR
70
85
65
70
65
70
50
70
50
70
dB
Power Supply
Rejection
PSR
65
100
65
100
65
100
50
100
50
100
dB
Output Voltage High
Limit (TA = Thigh to
Tlow)(1)
VOH
V
VCC = 5.0 V, RL =
2.0 k
, TA = 25
C
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
VCC = 30 V (26 V for
LM2902, V),
RL = 2.0 k
26
26
26
22
22
VCC = 30 V (26 V for
LM2902, V),
RL = 10 k
27
28
27
28
27
28
23
24
23
24
NOTES: 1. Tlow = 25
C for LM224
Thigh = +85
C for LM224
= 0
C for LM324, A
= +70
C for LM324, A
= 40
C for LM2902
= +105
C for LM2902
= 40
C for LM2902V
= +125
C for LM2902V
2. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the
common mode voltage range is VCC 1.7 V.
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
3
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25
C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224
LM324A
LM324
LM2902
LM2902V
Characteristics
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Output Voltage Low
Limit, VCC = 5.0 V, RL
= 10 k
, TA = Thigh to
Tlow(1)
VOL
5.0
20
5.0
20
5.0
20
5.0
100
5.0
100
mV
Output Source Current
(VID = +1.0 V, VCC =
15 V)
IO +
mA
TA = 25
C
20
40
20
40
20
40
20
40
20
40
TA = Thigh to Tlow(1)
10
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
Output Sink Current
IO
mA
(VID = 1.0 V, VCC =
15 V) TA = 25
C
10
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
TA = Thigh to Tlow(1)
5.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
(VID = 1.0 V, VO =
200 mV, TA = 25
C)
12
50
12
50
12
50
A
Output Short Circuit to
Ground(3)
ISC
40
60
40
60
40
60
40
60
40
60
mA
Power Supply Current
(TA = Thigh to Tlow)(1)
ICC
mA
VCC = 30 V (26 V for
LM2902, V),
VO = 0 V, RL =
3.0
1.4
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
VCC = 5.0 V,
VO = 0 V, RL =
1.2
0.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
NOTES: 1. Tlow = 25
C for LM224
Thigh = +85
C for LM224
= 0
C for LM324, A
= +70
C for LM324, A
= 40
C for LM2902
= +105
C for LM2902
= 40
C for LM2902V
= +125
C for LM2902V
2. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the
common mode voltage range is VCC 1.7 V.
Representative Circuit Diagram
(OneFourth of Circuit Shown)
Output
Bias Circuitry
Common to Four
Amplifiers
VCC
VEE/Gnd
Inputs
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q26
Q7
Q8
Q6
Q9
Q11
Q10
Q1
2.4 k
Q25
Q22
40 k
Q13
Q14
Q15
Q16
Q19
5.0 pF
Q18
Q17
Q20
Q21
2.0 k
Q24
Q23
Q12
25
+
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
4
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The LM324 series is made using four internally
compensated, twostage operational amplifiers. The first
stage of each consists of differential input devices Q20 and
Q18 with input buffer transistors Q21 and Q17 and the
differential to single ended converter Q3 and Q4. The first
stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also
performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction
functions. By reducing the transconductance, a smaller
compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pF) can be employed, thus
saving chip area. The transconductance reduction is
accomplished by splitting the collectors of Q20 and Q18.
Another feature of this input stage is that the input common
mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in
single supply operation, without saturating either the input
devices or the differential to singleended converter. The
second stage consists of a standard current source load
amplifier stage.
Large Signal Voltage Follower Response
VCC = 15 Vdc
RL = 2.0 k
TA = 25
C
5.0
s/DIV
1.0 V/DIV
Each amplifier is biased from an internalvoltage regulator
which has a low temperature coefficient thus giving each
amplifier good temperature characteristics as well as
excellent power supply rejection.
Single Supply
Split Supplies
VCC
VEE/Gnd
3.0 V to VCC(max)
1
2
3
4
VCC
1
2
3
4
VEE
1.5 V to VCC(max)
1.5 V to VEE(max)
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
5
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
V
OR
, OUTPUT
VOL
T
AGE RANGE (V
)
pp
V
O
, OUTPUT
VOL
T
AGE
(mV)
14
12
10
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
1.0
10
100
1000
f, FREQUENCY (kHz)
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
0
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
t, TIME (
s)
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
0
0
5.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
90
80
70
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10
12
14
16
18
20
I , POWER SUPPL
Y
CURRENT
(mA)
CC
I , INPUT
BIAS
CURRENT
(nA)
IB
VCC = 30 V
VEE = Gnd
TA = 25
C
CL = 50 pF
Input
Output
V , INPUT
VOL
T
AGE
(V)
I
Figure 1. Input Voltage Range
Figure 2. Open Loop Frequency
18
16
14
12
10
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
20
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10
12
14
16
18
20
VCC/VEE, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES (V)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
1.0
10
100
1.0 k
10 k
100 k
1.0 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
A
, LARGESIGNAL VOL
OPEN LOOP
VOL
T
AGE GAIN (dB)
Positive
Negative
VCC = 15 V
VEE = Gnd
TA = 25
C
TA = 25
C
RL =
R
RL = 2.0 k
VCC = 15 V
VEE = Gnd
Gain = 100
RI = 1.0 k
RF = 100 k
Figure 3. LargeSignal Frequency Response
Figure 4. SmallSignal Voltage Follower
Pulse Response (Noninverting)
Figure 5. Power Supply Current versus
Power Supply Voltage
Figure 6. Input Bias Current versus
Power Supply Voltage
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
6
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
2
1
R1
TBP
R1 + R2
R1
R1 + R2
eo
e1
e2
eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 e1)
R1
a R1
b R1
R
+
+
+
R
+
R1
R2
VO
Vref
Vin
VOH
VO
VOL
VinL =
R1
(VOL Vref) + Vref
VinH =
(VOH Vref) + Vref
H =
R1 + R2
(VOH VOL)
R1
+
+
+
R
C
R2
R1
R3
C1
100 k
R
C
R
C1
R2
100 k
Vin
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Bandpass
Output
fo = 2
RC
R1 = QR
R2 =
R3 = TN R2
C1 = 10C
1
Notch Output
Vref =
VCC
Hysteresis
1
C
R
VinL
VinH
Vref
Where:
TBP = Center Frequency Gain
Where:
TN = Passband Notch Gain
R = 160 k
C = 0.001
F
R1 = 1.6 M
R2 = 1.6 M
R3 = 1.6 M
For:
fo = 1.0 kHz
For:
Q = 10
For:
TBP = 1
For:
TN = 1
+
MC1403
1/4
LM324
+
R1
VCC
VCC
VO
2.5 V
R2
50 k
10 k
Vref
Vref = VCC
2
5.0 k
R
C
R
C
+
VO
2
RC
1
For: fo = 1.0 kHz
R = 16 k
C = 0.01
F
VO = 2.5 V 1 +
R1
R2
1
VCC
fo =
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1
C
R
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
Figure 7. Voltage Reference
Figure 8. Wien Bridge Oscillator
Figure 9. High Impedance Differential Amplifier
Figure 10. Comparator with Hysteresis
Figure 11. BiQuad Filter
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
7
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
2
1
Vref = VCC
1
2
For less than 10% error from operational amplifier,
If source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with
voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters.
where fo and BW are expressed in Hz.
Qo fo
BW
< 0.1
Given:
fo = center frequency
A(fo) = gain at center frequency
Choose value fo, C
Then:
R3 =
Q
fo C
R3
R1 =
2 A(fo)
R1 R3
4Q2 R1 R3
R2 =
+
+
+
Vref =
VCC
Vref
f =
R1 + RC
4 CRf R1
R3 =
R2 R1
R2 + R1
R2
300 k
75 k
R3
R1
100 k
C
Triangle Wave
Output
Square
Wave
Output
VCC
R3
R1
R2
Vref
Vin
C
C
VO
CO = 10 C
Rf
if
Vref
CO
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
Figure 12. Function Generator
Figure 13. Multiple Feedback Bandpass Filter
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V
8
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
NOTES:
1. LEADS WITHIN 0.13 (0.005) RADIUS OF TRUE
POSITION AT SEATING PLANE AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION.
2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH.
4. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.
1
7
14
8
B
A
F
H
G
D
K
C
N
L
J
M
SEATING
PLANE
DIM
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
MILLIMETERS
INCHES
A
0.715
0.770
18.16
19.56
B
0.240
0.260
6.10
6.60
C
0.145
0.185
3.69
4.69
D
0.015
0.021
0.38
0.53
F
0.040
0.070
1.02
1.78
G
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
H
0.052
0.095
1.32
2.41
J
0.008
0.015
0.20
0.38
K
0.115
0.135
2.92
3.43
L
0.300 BSC
7.62 BSC
M
0
10 0 10
N
0.015
0.039
0.39
1.01
_
_
_
_
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
A
B
G
P
7 PL
14
8
7
1
M
0.25 (0.010)
B
M
S
B
M
0.25 (0.010)
A
S
T
T
F
R
X 45
SEATING
PLANE
D
14 PL
K
C
J
M
_
DIM
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
A
8.55
8.75
0.337
0.344
B
3.80
4.00
0.150
0.157
C
1.35
1.75
0.054
0.068
D
0.35
0.49
0.014
0.019
F
0.40
1.25
0.016
0.049
G
1.27 BSC
0.050 BSC
J
0.19
0.25
0.008
0.009
K
0.10
0.25
0.004
0.009
M
0
7
0
7
P
5.80
6.20
0.228
0.244
R
0.25
0.50
0.010
0.019
_
_
_
_
D SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 751A03
(SO14)
ISSUE F
N SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 64606
(LM224, LM324, LM2902 Only)
ISSUE L
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding
the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in Motorola
data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals"
must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of
others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other
applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury
or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola
and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees
arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that
Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
How to reach us:
USA / EUROPE / Locations Not Listed: Motorola Literature Distribution;
JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.; TatsumiSPDJLDC, 6F SeibuButsuryuCenter,
P.O. Box 20912; Phoenix, Arizona 85036. 18004412447 or 6023035454
3142 Tatsumi KotoKu, Tokyo 135, Japan. 038135218315
MFAX: RMFAX0@email.sps.mot.com TOUCHTONE 6022446609
ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park,
INTERNET: http://DesignNET.com
51 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 85226629298
LM324/D
*LM324/D*
PDF 
ZIP