1
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
s
+2.2V to +4.5V Battery Operation
s
DC-to-AC Converter Produces Up To
220V
PP
for EL Display Panels
s
Single Resistor Controlled Internal Oscillator
s
Low Current Standby Mode
s
Features
High Efficiency Super Driver Architecture
Uses Small 470
H Coil
APPLICATIONS
s
Pagers
s
Cellular Phones
s
PDAs
Low Voltage Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
SP4403
ELEN
V
DD
R
OSC
V
SS
COIL
EL2
C
INT
EL1
SP4403
8
7
4
3
2
1
5
6
DESCRIPTION
The SP4403 is a high voltage output DC-AC inverter specifically designed to drive
electroluminescent lamps to backlight liquid crystal displays, keypads, and backlit readouts
used in battery operated portable equipment. The SP4403 will operate from a +2.2V to +4.5V
battery source. The device features a low power shutdown mode which draws less than
100nA (typical), ideal for low power portable products. One external inductor is required to
generate the high voltage AC output. One external resistor is used to select the internal
oscillator frequency. The SP4403 is ideal for portable applications such as cellular phones,
PDAs, and other portable applications using LCDs in dim or low light environments. The
SP4403 is offered in 8 pin
SOIC packages.
R
OSC
V
SS
COIL
C
INT
SP4403
V
BATT
C1
0.1
F
R
OSC
450k
L1
470
H
3
6
8
1
7
2
ELEN
D1
1N4148
C
INT
1800pF
optional device
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL Lamp
5
4
C2
10nF
*
*
*
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
These are stress ratings only and functional operation
of the device at these ratings or any other above those
indicated in the operation sections of the specifications
below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may
affect reliability.
Power Supply, V
BATT
.............................................7.0V
Input Voltages, ELEN (pin 1)........-0.5V to (V
DD
+0.5V)
Lamp Outputs..................................................250V
PP
Operating Temperature.......................-40C to +85C
Storage Temperature........................-65C to +150C
Power Dissipation Per Package
8-pin NSOIC (derate 6.51mW/
O
C above +70
O
C)........550mW
8-pin
SOIC (derate 4.85mW/
O
C above +70
O
C).........400mW
SPECIFICATIONS
V
BATT
= 3.0V, T
AMB
= 25C, L1 = 470
H/3.9
, R
OSC
= 450k
, C
LAMP
= 6.8nF, C
INT
= 1800pF, C
1
= 0.1
F, and C
2
= 10nF unless otherwise noted.
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The information furnished herein by Sipex has been carefully reviewed
for accuracy and reliability. Its application or use, however, is solely the
responsibility of the user. No responsibility for the use of this information
is assumed by Sipex, and this information shall not explicitly or implicitly
become part of the terms and conditions of any subsequent sales
agreement with Sipex. Specifications are subject to change without
prior notice. By the sale or transfer of this information, Sipex assumes
no responsibility for any infringement of patents or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. No license or other proprietary
rights are granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or
patent rights of Sipex Corporation.
3
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
Pin 1 -- ELEN -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Enable. When driven HIGH, this input pin
enables the EL driver output EL1 and EL2
(pins 4 and 5, respectively) to the EL lamp.
Pin 2 -- V
SS
-- Power Supply Common.
Connect to the lowest circuit potential,
typically ground.
Pin 3 -- COIL -- Coil. The inductor for the
EL lamp is connected from V
BATT
to this
input pin.
Pin 4 -- EL1 -- Electroluminescent Lamp. This
is a lamp driver output pin to connect to the
EL lamp.
Pin 5 -- EL2 -- Electroluminescent Lamp. This
is a lamp driver output pin to connect to the
EL lamp.
Pin 6 -- V
DD
-- Positive Battery Power Supply.
Connect such that +2.2V < V
DD
< +4.5V.
Pin 7 -- C
INT
-- Integrator Capacitor.
An Integrator Capacitor (470pF typical)
connected from this pin to ground filters out
any coil switching spikes or ripple present
in the outer waveform to the EL lamp.
Connecting a fast recovery diode from
COIL (pin 3) to this input pin increases the
light output of the EL lamp.
Pin 8 -- R
OSC
-- Oscillator Resistor. Connecting
a 450k
resistor to this input pin sets the
frequency of the internal clock.
PINOUT
ELEN
V
DD
R
OSC
V
SS
COIL
EL2
C
INT
EL1
SP4403
8
7
4
3
2
1
5
6
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
4
DESCRIPTION
The SP4403 contains a DC-AC inverter that
can produce an AC output of 180V
PP
from a
+2.2V to +4.5V input voltage. An internal block
diagram of the SP4403 can be found in Figure 1.
The SP4403 is built on Sipex's dielectrically
isolated BiCMOS process that provides the
isolation required to separate the high voltage
AC signal used to drive the EL lamp from the
low voltage logic and signal processing circuitry.
This ensures latch-up free operation in the
interface between the low voltage CMOS
circuitry and the high voltage bipolar circuitry.
The SP4403 is ideal for applications driving
EL lamps to backlight LCD displays, key
panels, and other backlit readouts used in
battery operated portable equipment.
A total of only six external components are
required for the standard operation of the
SP4403: an inductor, a fast recovery diode,
three capacitors and a resistor. A diagram of the
SP4403 in a typical application can be found
in Figure 2.
Electroluminescent Technology
An EL lamp is basically a strip of plastic that is
coated with a phosphorous material which emits
light (fluoresces) when a high voltage (>40V)
which was first applied across it, is removed or
reversed. Long periods of DC voltages applied
to the material tend to breakdown the material
and reduce its lifetime. With these considerations
in mind, the ideal signal to drive an EL lamp is
a high voltage sine wave. Traditional approaches
to achieving this type of waveform included
discrete circuits incorporating a transformer,
transistors, and several resistors and capacitors.
Figure 1. Internal Diagram of the SP4403
f
COIL
f
LAMP
f
LAMP
FF7
Q
Q
L1
470
H
EL Lamp
SCR1
SCR2
4
5
2
V
SS
C
INT
COIL
EL2
EL1
OSC
V
BATT
R
OSC
450k
ELEN
SP4403
C1
0.1
F
D1
1N4148
V
DD
6
R
OSC
8
3
7
1
optional device
C
INT
1800pF
C2
10nF
*
*
*
5
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
This approach is large and bulky, and cannot be
implemented in most hand held equipment.
Sipex now offers low power single chip driver
circuits specifically designed to drive small to
medium sized electroluminescent panels.
All that is required for the EL driver circuitry is
an external inductor and an external capacitor.
Market Applications
Electroluminescent backlighting is ideal when
used with LCD displays, keypads, or other backlit
readouts. Its main use is to illuminate displays in
dim to dark conditions for momentary periods
of time. EL lamps typically consume less power
than LEDs or incandescent bulbs making them
ideal for battery powered products. Also, EL
lamps are able to evenly light an area without
creating any undesirable "hot spots" in the
display.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP4403 is a DC-AC inverter made up of:
1. The Oscillator/Frequency Divider, 2. The
Coil, and 3. The Switched H-bridge Network.
Further details of each element follow.
The Oscillator/Frequency Divider
The oscillator provides the SP4403 with an
on-chip clock used to control the coil switch
(f
COIL
) and the H-bridge network (f
LAMP
and f
LAMP
).
Although the oscillator frequency can be varied
to optimize the lamp output, the ratio of f
COIL
/
f
LAMP
will always equal 128.
Figure 1 shows the oscillator output driving the
coil and the output of the oscillator with 7 flip
flops driving the lamp. The suggested oscillator
frequency is 50kHz (R
OSC
= 450k
) for f
COIL
.
The oscillator output is internally divided down
by 7 flip flops to create a second internal control
signal at 390Hz for f
LAMP
.
The Coil
The supply V
BATT
can range from +2.2V to
+4.5V. V
BATT
should not exceed the maximum
coil current specification. The majority of the
current goes through the coil and is typically
much greater than I
DD
.
The coil is an external component connected
from V
BATT
to pin 3 of the SP4403. Energy is
stored in the coil according to the equation
E
L
=1/2LI
P
2
where I
P
, to the first approximation,
is the product I
P
= (tON)(VBATT - V
CE
)/L),
where t
ON
is the time it takes for the coil to reach
its peak current, V
CE
is the voltage drop across
the internal NPN switch transistor, and L is the
inductance of the coil. When the NPN transistor
switch is off, the energy is forced through an
internal diode which drives the switched H-
bridge network. This energy recovery is directly
related to the brightness of the EL lamp output.
There are many variations among coils; magnetic
material differences, winding differences and
parasitic capacitances. For suggested coil
suppliers, refer to Page 7.
The f
COIL
signal controls a switch that connects
the end of the coil at pin 3 to ground or to open
circuit. The f
COIL
signal is a 90% duty cycle
signal switching at the oscillator frequency,
50kHz. During the time when the f
COIL
signal is
HIGH, the coil is connected from V
BATT
to ground
and a charged magnetic field is created in the
coil. When the f
COIL
signal is LOW, the ground
connection is switched open, the field collapses,
and the energy in the inductor is forced to flow
toward the high voltage H-bridge switches.
f
COIL
will send an array of charge pulses (see
Figure 4) to the lamp. Each pulse increases the
voltage drop across the lamp in discrete steps.
As the voltage potential approaches its maximum,
the steps become smaller (see Figure 3).
Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit for the SP4403, Set
for a Square Wave Output with C
INT
= 0.1
F
R
OSC
V
SS
COIL
C
INT
SP4403
V
BATT
C1
0.1
F
R
OSC
450k
L1
470
H
3
6
8
1
7
2
ELEN
D1
1N4148
C
INT
1800pF
optional device
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL Lamp
5
4
C2
10nF
*
*
*
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
6
The Switched H-Bridge Network
The H-bridge consists of two SCR structures
that act as high voltage switches. These two
switches control the polarity of how the lamp is
charged. The SCR switches are controlled by
the f
LAMP
signal which is the oscillator frequency
divided by 128. For a 50kHz oscillator, the 7 flip
flops will drive f
LAMP
= 390Hz.
When the energy from the coil is released, a high
voltage spike is created triggering the SCR
switches. The direction of current flow is
determined by which SCR is enabled. One full
cycle of the H-bridge will create 128 voltage
steps from ground to 80V (typical) on EL1 and
EL2 (pins 4 and 5, respectively) which are 180
degrees out of phase from each other (see
Figure 5). A differential representation of the
output is shown in Figure 6.
Fine Tuning Performance
Circuit performance of the SP4403 can be
improved with some of the following
suggestions:
Increase EL Lamp Light Output: By
connecting a fast recovery diode from COIL
(pin 3) to C
INT
(pin 7), the internal diode of the
switched H-bridge network is bypassed resulting
in an increase in light output at the EL lamp.
We suggest a fast recovery diode, such as the
industry standard 1N4148, be used for D1. This
circuit connection can be found in Figure 2.
Square Wave Output Waveform to the EL
Lamp: A 470pF capacitor at C
INT
(pin13) will
act as an integrating capacitor, filtering out any
coil switching spikes or ripple in the output
waveform to the EL lamp (shown if Figure 1).
A designer may change the output waveform to
a square wave by using a 0.1
F capacitor (shown
in Figure 2) at C
INT
(pin 13).
Printed Circuit Board Layout Suggestions:
The SP4403's high-frequency operation makes
PC layout important for minimizing ground
bounce and noise. Keep the IC's GND pin and
the ground leads of C1 and C
INT
in Figure 2 less
than 0.2in (5mm) apart. Also keep the
connections to L1 (pin 3) as short as possible.
To maximize output power and efficiency and
minimize output ripple voltage, use a ground
plane and solder the IC's V
SS
(pin 2) directly to
the ground plane.
EL Lamp Driver Design Challenges
There are many variables which can be optimized
for specific applications. The amount of light
emitted is a function of the voltage applied to the
lamp, the frequency at which it is applied, the
lamp material, the lamp size, and the inductor
used. Sipex supplies characterization charts to
aid the designer in selecting the optimum circuit
configuration (see Figures 7 to 14).
Sipex will perform customer application
evaluations, using the customer's actual EL
lamp to determine the optimum operating
conditions for specific applications. For
customers considering an EL backlighting
solution for the first time, Sipex is able to offer
retrofitted solutions to the customer's existing
LED or non-backlit product for a thorough
electrical and cosmetic evaluation. Please
contact your local Sales Representative for Sipex
or the Sipex factory directly to initiate this
valued service.
7
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
EL Lamp manufacturers
Leading Edge Ind. Inc.
11578 Encore Circle
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Phone 1-800-845-6992
Midori Mark Ltd.
1-5 Komagata 2-Chome
Taita-Ku 111-0043 Japan
Phone: 81-03-3848-2011
Luminescent Systems Inc. (LSI)
4 Lucent Drive
Lebanon, NH. 03766
Phone: (603) 643-7766
Fax: (603) 643-5947
Polarizers/transflector Mnfg.
Nitto Denko
Yoshi Shinozuka
Bayside Business Park 48500
Fremont, CA. 94538
Phone: 510 445 5400
Fax: 510 445-5480
Top Polarizer- NPF F1205DU
Bottom - NPF F4225
or (F4205) P3 w/transflector
Transflector Material
Astra Products
Mark Bogin
P.O. Box 479
Baldwin, NJ 11510
Phone (516)-223-7500
Fax (516)-868-2371
NEC Corporation
Yumi Saskai
7-1, Shiba 5 Chome, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 108-01, Japan
Phone: (03) 3798-9572
Fax: (03) 3798-6134
Seiko Precision
Shuzo Abe
1-1, Taihei 4-Chome,
Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 139 Japan
Phone: (03) 5610-7089
Fax: (03) 5610-7177
Gunze Electronics
2113 Wells Branch Parkway
Austin, TX 78728
Phone: (512) 752-1299
Fax: (512) 252-1181
Coil Manufacturers
Hitachi Metals
Material Trading Division
2101 S. Arlington Heights Road,
Suite 116
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-4142
Phone: 1-800-777-8343 Ext. 12
(847) 364-7200 Ext. 12
Fax: (847) 364-7279
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Europe
Immernannstrasse 14-16, 40210
Dusseldorf, Germany
Contact: Gary Loos
Phone: 49-211-16009-0
Fax: 49-211-16009-29
Hitachi Metals Ltd.
Kishimoto Bldg. 2-1, Marunouchi
2-chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Contact: Mr. Noboru Abe
Phone: 3-3284-4936
Fax: 3-3287-1945
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Singapore
78 Shenton Way #12-01,
Singapore 079120
Contact: Mr. Stan Kaiko
Phone: 222-8077
Fax: 222-5232
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Hong Kong
Room 1107, 11/F., West Wing,
Tsim Sha. Tsui Center 66
Mody Road,Tsimshatsui East,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: 2724-4188
Fax: 2311-2095
Toko America Inc.
1250 Feehanville Drive
Mt. Prospect, IL, 60056 U.S.A.
Phone: (847) 297-0070
Fax: (847) 699-7864
Toko Inc. Europe
Burgmullerstr. 7, D-40235
Dusseldorf 1, FR Germany
Phone: (0211) 680090
Fax: (0211) 679-9567
Toko Inc. Japan
1-17, Higashi-Yukigaya
2-chome,Ohta-ku,
Tokyo 145 Japan
Phone: 03-3727-1161
Fax: 03-3727-1176
Toko Inc. Singapore
No. 1 Lorong 2. Toa Pavoh.
#03-00, Singapore, 319637
Phone: (255) 4000
Fax: (250) 8134
Toko Inc. Hong Kong
45 Hoi Yuen Road, Yau Lee
Centre, 7th, 8th, & 9th Fl.,
Kwun-Tong Kowloon,
Hong Kong
Phone: 2348131
Fax: 23419570
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
5999, New Wilke Road,
Suite #110
Rolling Meadows, IL, 60008 U.S.A.
Phone: (847) 956-0666
Fax: (847) 956-0702
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
4-8, Kanamachi 2-Chrome,
Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125 Japan
Phone: 03-3607-5111
Fax: 03-3607-5144
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
Block 15, 996, Bendemeer Road
#04-05 to 06, Singapore 339944
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 2963388
Fax: 2963390
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
14 Floor, Eastern Center, 1065
King's Road, Quarry Bay,
Hong Kong
Phone: 28806688
Fax: 25659600
Murata
2200 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna
Georgia 30080 U.S.A.
Phone: (770) 436-1300
Fax: (770) 436-3030
Murata European
Holbeinstrasse 21-23, 90441
Numberg, Postfachanschrift 90015
Phone: 011-4991166870
Fax: 011-49116687225
Murata Taiwan Electronics
225 Chung-Chin Road, Taichung,
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Phone: 011 88642914151
Fax: 011 88644252929
Murata Electronics Singapore
200 Yishun Ave. 7, Singapore
2776, Republic of Singapore
Phone: 011 657584233
Fax: 011 657536181
Murata Hong Kong
Room 709-712 Miramar Tower, 1
Kimberly Road, Tsimshatsui,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: 011-85223763898
Fax: 011-85223755655
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
8
64 coil pulses per half cycle; 89% duty cycle.
EL1 Output
EL2 Output
V
PEAK
=80V (typical)
EL1 output; 64 charge steps per half cycle
EL1 Output
EL2 Output
V
PP
=160V
(typical)
Differential Representation E12.
Figure 3. EL Output Voltage in Discrete Steps at EL1 Output
Figure 4. Voltage Pulses Released from the Coil to the EL Driver Circuitry
Figure 5. EL Voltage Waveforms from the EL1 and EL2 Outputs
Figure 6. EL Differential Output Waveform of the EL1 and EL2 Outputs
9
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
Figure 7. Oscillator Frequency vs R
OSC
, V
DD
=3.0V
Figure 8. I
TOTAL
vs R
OSC
, V
DD
=3.0V, Coil=470
H, 4.9
OSCL1: FREQUENCY VS. RESISTANCE,
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
49.9
102.0
200.0
301.0
402.0
499.0
604.0
715.0
806.0
909.0
1000.0
RESISTANCE (K
)
FREQ
UENCY (KHz)
715
806
SP4403: SUPPLY CURRENT VS. Rosc, VDD=3.0V, L=470uH (4.9OHMS),
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
200
301
402
511
604
Rosc (K
)
SUPPL
Y CURRENT (mA)
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
10
Figure 10. Output Voltage vs Lamp Size, V
DD
=3.0V, R
OSC
=450k
, Coil=470
H, 4.9
Figure 9. Output Voltage vs R
OSC
, V
DD
=3.0V, Coil=470
H, 4.9
SP4403: OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. Rosc, VDD=3.0V, L=470uH (4.9 OHMS),
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
200
301
402
511
604
715
806
Rosc (K
)
OUTPUT V
O
L
T
A
GE
(V
PK
-
PK
)
SP4403: OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. LAMP SIZE, VDD=3V, L=470uH
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
LAMP SIZE (SQ-IN)
OUTPUT V
O
L
T
A
GE
(V
PK
-
PK
)
11
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
Figure 11. Luminance vs R
OSC
, V
DD
=3.0V, Coil=470
H, 4.9
Figure 12. Luminance vs Lamp Size, V
DD
=3.0V, R
OSC
=450k
, Coil=470
H, 4.9
SP4403: BRIGHTNESS VS. Rosc, VDD=3.0V, L=470uH (4.9 OHMS),
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
200
301
402
511
604
715
806
Rosc (K
)
BRIGHTNESS (FtLm)
SP4403: BRIGHTNESS VS. LAMP SIZE, VDD=3V, L=470uH
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
LAMP SIZE (SQ-IN)
BRIGHTNESS (Ft-Lm)
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
12
Figure 13. I
TOTAL
vs Lamp Size, V
DD
=3.0V, R
OSC
=450k
, Coil=470
H, 4.9
SP4403: SUPPLY CURRENT VS. LAMP SIZE, VDD=3V, L=470uH
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
LAMP SIZE (SQ-IN)
SUPPL
Y CURRENT (mA)
13
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
P
W
50
SOIC devices per tube
8-pin
SOIC 13" reels: P = 8mm, W = 12mm
Pkg. min qty per reel std qty per reel max qty per reel
EU 500 2500 3000
All package dimensions in inches
8-pin
SOIC
1
0.013
0.005
0.0256
BSC
0.118
0.004
0.020
2
0.020
0.116
0.004
0.034
0.004
0.040
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.118
0.004
0.118
0.004
0.037
Ref
0.0215
0.006
3.0
3
R .003
12.0
4
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.008
0 - 6
0.012
0.003
0.01
12.0
4
0.16
0.003
0.0965
0.003
0.116
0.004
SP4403DS/05 SP4403 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
14
ORDERING INFORMATION
Model
Temperature Range
Package Type
SP4403EU . ............................................ -40C to +85C ......................................... 8-Pin
SOIC
SP4403UEB ........................................................................................................ Evaluation Board
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described hereins; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
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