SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
1
s
Low Power +2.2V to +4.5V Battery
Operation
s
Low-Cost EL Driver Ideal for LED
Backlighting Replacement
s
DC-to-AC Inverter can Produce Over
160V
PP
for EL Lamps
s
Requires a 32kHz External Clock Signal
s
Synchronize EL Driver Operation to
Existing System Clock for Portable
Applications (i.e. Pagers, Cellular
Phones, PDAs, etc.)
s
Low Current Standby Mode
Low Cost Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
SP4414
DESCRIPTION
The SP4414 is a high voltage output DC-AC inverter specifically designed to drive electrolu-
minescent lamps to backlight liquid crystal displays, keypads, and backlit readouts used in
battery operated portable equipment. The SP4414 will operate from a +2.2V to +4.5 V battery
source. The device features a low power shutdown mode which draws less than 100nA (typical),
ideal for low power portable products. One external inductor is required to generate the high
voltage AC output. An external clock signal is used to drive the internal control signals for the
coil and EL lamp. The SP4414 is ideal for portable applications such as pagers, cellular
phones, PDAs, and other portable applications using LCDs in dim or low light environments.
The SP4414 is offered in 8-pin SOIC and 8-pin
SOIC packages.
V
SS
CLK
EL2
COIL
C
INT
EL1
V
DD
ELEN
SP4414
8
7
4
3
2
1
5
6
V
SS
COIL
C
INT
SP4414
V
BATTERY
C1
10nF
L1
2.7mH
4
7
8
5
2
ELEN
*D1
1N4148
C
INT
100pF
*optional device
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL Lamp
3
6
1
CLK
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections
of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
Power Supply, V
BATT
.........................................................................7.0V
Input Voltages, ELEN (pin 2)....................................-0.5V to (V
DD
+0.5V)
Lamp Outputs...............................................................................200V
PP
Operating Temperature...................................................-40C to +85C
Storage Temperature.....................................................-65C to +150C
Power Dissipation Per Package
8-pin NSOIC (derate 6.14mW/
o
C above +70
o
C)..................................500mW
8-pin
SOIC (derate 4.85mW/
o
C above +70
o
C)...................................390mW
SPECIFICATIONS
V
BATT
= 3V, L = 2.7mH, C
LAMP
= 10nF, and C
INT
= 100pF unless otherwise noted.
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The information furnished herein by Sipex has been carefully reviewed
for accuracy and reliability. Its application or use, however, is solely the
responsibility of the user. No responsibility for the use of this information
is assumed by Sipex, and this information shall not explicitly or implicitly
become part of the terms and conditions of any subsequent sales
agreement with Sipex. Specifications are subject to change without
prior notice. By the sale or transfer of this information, Sipex assumes
no responsibility for any infringement of patents or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. No license or other proprietary
rights are granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or
patent rights of Sipex Corporation.
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
3
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
Pin 1 -- CLK -- Clock. Connect this input pin
to an external 32KHz clock sets the
frequency of the internal flip flops.
Pin 2 -- V
SS
-- Power Supply Common.
Connect to the lowest circuit potential,
typically ground.
Pin 3 -- EL2 -- Eluminescent Lamp. This is
a lamp driver output pin to connect to the
EL lamp.
Pin 4 -- COIL -- Coil. The inductor for the
EL lamp is connected from V
BATTERY
to this
input pin.
Pin 5 -- C
INT
-- Integrating Capacitor.
Connecting a fast recovery diode from
COIL (pin 4) to this input pin increases the
light output of the EL lamp. An integrating
capacitor (100pF) connected from this pin to
ground filters out any coil switching spikes
or ripple present in the output waveform to
the EL lamp.
Pin 6 -- EL1 -- Eluminescent Lamp. This is
a lamp driver output pin to connect to the
EL lamp.
Pin 7-- V
DD
-- Positive Battery Power Supply.
Connect such that +2.2V < V
DD
< +4.5V.
Pin 8 -- ELEN -- Eluminescent Lamp Enable.
When driven HIGH, this input pin enables
the EL driver output EL1 and EL2 (pins 6 and
3, respectively) to the EL lamp.
PINOUT
V
SS
CLK
EL2
COIL
C
INT
EL1
V
DD
ELEN
SP4414
8
7
4
3
2
1
5
6
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
4
DESCRIPTION
The SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
is a low-cost low power device ideal for the
replacement of LED backlighting designs. The
32kHz external oscillator drives controls signals
for the coil and EL lamp circuitry. The SP4414
32kHz operation is synchronized with existing
system clock designs in single cell applications
such as pagers, cell phones, PDAs, etc.
The SP4414 contains a DC-AC inverter that
can produce an AC output of 180V
PP
(maximum)
from a +2.2V to +4.5V input voltage. An
external clock provides the SP4414 with
the control signals for the coil and EL lamp.
An internal block diagram of the SP4414 can
be found in Figure 1.
The SP4414 is built on Sipex's dielectrically
isolated BiCMOS process that provides the
isolation required to separate the high voltage
AC signal used to drive the EL lamp from the
low voltage logic and signal processing circuitry.
This ensures latch-up free operation in the
interface between the low voltage CMOS
circuitry and the high voltage bipolar circuitry.
A total of only four external components are
required for the standard operation of the
SP4414: an inductor, a fast recovery diode, and
two capacitors. A diagram of the SP4414 in a
typical application can be found in Figure 2.
Figure 1. Internal Diagram of the SP4414
f
COIL
f
LAMP
f
LAMP
FF6
Q
Q
V
BATTERY
L1
2.7mH
EL Lamp
SCR1
SCR2
6
3
2
V
SS
C
INT
COIL
EL2
EL1
C
INT
100pF
FF1
ELEN
SP4414
C
1
10nF
*D1
1N4148
V
DD
1
CLK
8
4
5
* optional device
7
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
5
Electroluminescent Technology
An EL lamp is basically a strip of plastic that is
coated with a phosphorous material which emits
light (fluoresces) when a high voltage (>40V)
which was first applied across it, is removed or
reversed. Long periods of DC voltages applied
to the material tend to breakdown the material
and reduce its lifetime. With these considerations
in mind, the ideal signal to drive an EL lamp is
a high voltage sine wave. Traditional approaches
to achieving this type of waveform included
discrete circuits incorporating a transformer,
transistors, and several resistors and capacitors.
This approach is large and bulky and can be
difficult to implement in some smaller hand
held equipment. Sipex now offers low power
single chip driver circuits specifically
designed to drive small to medium sized
electroluminescent panels.
Market Applications
Electroluminescent backlighting is ideal when
used with LCD displays, keypads, or other
backlit readouts. Its main use is to illuminate
displays in dim to dark conditions for momentary
periods of time. EL lamps typically consume
less power than LEDs or incandescent bulbs
making them ideal for battery powered products.
Also, EL lamps are able to evenly light an area
without creating any undesirable "hot spots" in
the display.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP4414 is a DC-AC inverter made up of:
1. The Frequency Divider, 2. The Coil, and
3. The Switched H-bridge Network. Further
details of each element follow.
The Oscillator/Frequency Divider
The external oscillator provides the SP4414
with a clock signal used to control the coil
switch (f
COIL
) and the H-bridge network (f
LAMP
and f
LAMP
). The ratio of f
COIL
/f
LAMP
will always
equal 32 for the SP4414.
The external clock frequency is 32kHz. Figure 1
shows the external clock is internally divided
down by a flip flop to drive the coil at 8kHz.
This signal is divided down by 5 more flip flops
to drive the lamp at 250Hz.
The Coil
The supply V
BATTERY
can range from +2.2V to
+4.5V. V
BATTERY
and the coil should be chosen
such that I
COIL
does not exceed the maximum
coil current specification. The majority of the
current goes through the coil and is typically
much greater than I
DD
.
The coil is an external component connected
from V
BATTERY
to pin 4 of the SP4414. Energy is
stored in the coil according to the equation
E
L
=1/2LI
P
2
where I
P
, to the first approximation,
is the product I
P
= (tON) (VBATTERY - V
CE
)/
L), where t
ON
is the time it takes for the coil to
reach its peak current, V
CE
is the voltage drop
across the internal NPN transistor for f
COIL
, and
L is
the inductance of the coil. When the NPN
transistor switch is off, the energy is forced
through a diode which drives the switched
H-bridge network. This energy recovery is
directly related to the brightness of the EL
lamp output. There are many variations
among coils; magnetic material differences,
winding differences and parasitic capacitances.
For suggested coil suppliers, refer to Page 7.
Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit for the SP4414
V
SS
COIL
C
INT
SP4414
V
BATTERY
C1
10nF
L1
2.7mH
4
7
8
5
2
ELEN
*D1
1N4148
C
INT
100pF
*optional device
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL Lamp
3
6
1
CLK
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
6
The f
COIL
signal controls a switch that connects
the end of the coil at pin 1 to ground or to open
circuit. The f
COIL
signal is a 87% duty cycle
signal switching at the oscillator frequency,
8kHz. During the time when the f
COIL
signal is
HIGH, the coil is connected from V
BATTERY
to
ground and a charged magnetic field is created
in the coil. When the f
COIL
signal is LOW, the
ground connection is switched open, the field
collapses, and the energy in the inductor is
forced to flow toward the high voltage H-bridge
switches. f
COIL
will send an array of charge pulses
(see Figure 4) to the lamp. Each pulse increases
the voltage drop across the lamp in discrete
steps. As the voltage potential approaches its
maximum, the steps become smaller (see Figure 3).
The Switched H-Bridge Network
The H-bridge consists of two SCR structures
that act as high voltage switches. These two
switches control the polarity of how the lamp is
charged. The SCR switches are controlled by
the f
LAMP
signal which is the external oscillator
frequency divided by 128. For a 32kHz oscillator,
the 7 flip flops will drive f
LAMP
= 250Hz.
When the energy from the coil is released, a high
voltage spike is created triggering the SCR
switches. The direction of current flow is
determined by which SCR is enabled. One full
cycle of the H-bridge will create 32 voltage
steps from ground to 80V (typical) on EL1
and EL2 (pins 6 and 3, respectively) which
are 180 degrees out of phase (see Figure 5).
A differential representation of the output is
shown in Figure 6.
Fine Tuning Performance
Circuit performance of the SP4414 can be
improved with some of the following
suggestions:
Increase EL Lamp Light Output: By
connecting a fast recovery diode from COIL
(pin 4) to C
INT
(pin 5), the internal diode of the
switched H-bridge network is bypassed resulting
in an increase in light output at the EL lamp. We
suggest a fast recovery diode, such as the industry
standard 1N4148, be used for D1. This circuit
connection can be found in Figure 2.
Printed Circuit Board Layout Suggestions:
The SP4414's high-frequency operation makes
PC layout important for minimizing ground
bounce and noise. Keep the IC's GND pin and
the ground leads of C1 and C
INT
in Figure 2 less
than 0.2in (5mm) apart. Also keep the
connections to COIL (pin 4) as short as possible.
To maximize output power and efficiency and
minimize output ripple voltage, use a ground
plane and solder the IC's V
SS
(pin 2) directly to
the ground plane.
EL Lamp Driver Design Challenges
There are many variables which can be optimized
for specific applications. The amount of light
emitted is a function of the voltage applied to the
lamp by the inductor, the frequency at which it
is applied, the lamp material, and the lamp size.
Sipex supplies characterization charts to aid the
designer in selecting the optimum circuit
configuration (see Figures 7 to 9).
Sipex will perform customer application
evaluations, using the customer's actual EL
lamp to determine the optimum operating
conditions for specific applications. For
customers considering an EL backlighting
solution for the first time, Sipex is able to offer
retrofitted solutions to the customer's existing
LED or non-backlit product for a thorough
electrical and cosmetic evaluation. Please
contact your local Sales Representative for
Sipex or the Sipex factory directly to initiate
this valued service.
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
7
EL Lamp manufacturers
Leading Edge Ind. Inc.
11578 Encore Circle
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Phone 1-800-845-6992
Midori Mark Ltd.
1-5 Komagata 2-Chome
Taita-Ku 111-0043 Japan
Phone: 81-03-3848-2011
Luminescent Systems Inc. (LSI)
4 Lucent Drive
Lebanon, NH. 03766
Phone: (603) 643-7766
Fax: (603) 643-5947
Polarizers/transflector Mnfg.
Nitto Denko
Yoshi Shinozuka
Bayside Business Park 48500
Fremont, CA. 94538
Phone: 510 445 5400
Fax: 510 445-5480
Top Polarizer- NPF F1205DU
Bottom - NPF F4225
or (F4205) P3 w/transflector
Transflector Material
Astra Products
Mark Bogin
P.O. Box 479
Baldwin, NJ 11510
Phone (516)-223-7500
Fax (516)-868-2371
NEC Corporation
Yumi Saskai
7-1, Shiba 5 Chome, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 108-01, Japan
Phone: (03) 3798-9572
Fax: (03) 3798-6134
Seiko Precision
Shuzo Abe
1-1, Taihei 4-Chome,
Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 139 Japan
Phone: (03) 5610-7089
Fax: (03) 5610-7177
Gunze Electronics
2113 Wells Branch Parkway
Austin, TX 78728
Phone: (512) 752-1299
Fax: (512) 252-1181
Coil Manufacturers
Hitachi Metals
Material Trading Division
2101 S. Arlington Heights Road,
Suite 116
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-4142
Phone: 1-800-777-8343 Ext. 12
(847) 364-7200 Ext. 12
Fax: (847) 364-7279
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Europe
Immernannstrasse 14-16, 40210
Dusseldorf, Germany
Contact: Gary Loos
Phone: 49-211-16009-0
Fax: 49-211-16009-29
Hitachi Metals Ltd.
Kishimoto Bldg. 2-1, Marunouchi
2-chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Contact: Mr. Noboru Abe
Phone: 3-3284-4936
Fax: 3-3287-1945
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Singapore
78 Shenton Way #12-01,
Singapore 079120
Contact: Mr. Stan Kaiko
Phone: 222-8077
Fax: 222-5232
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Hong Kong
Room 1107, 11/F., West Wing,
Tsim Sha. Tsui Center 66
Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: 2724-4188
Fax: 2311-2095
Toko America Inc.
1250 Feehanville Drive
Mt. Prospect, IL, 60056 U.S.A.
Phone: (847) 297-0070
Fax: (847) 699-7864
Toko Inc. Europe
Burgmullerstr. 7, D-40235
Dusseldorf 1, FR Germany
Phone: (0211) 680090
Fax: (0211) 679-9567
Toko Inc. Japan
1-17, Higashi-Yukigaya
2-chome, Ohta-ku,
Tokyo 145 Japan
Phone: 03-3727-1161
Fax: 03-3727-1176
Toko Inc. Singapore
No. 1 Lorong 2. Toa Pavoh.
#03-00, Singapore, 319637
Phone: (255) 4000
Fax: (250) 8134
Toko Inc. Hong Kong
45 Hoi Yuen Road, Yau Lee
Centre, 7th, 8th, & 9th Fl.,
Kwun-Tong Kowloon,
Hong Kong
Phone: 2348131
Fax: 23419570
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
5999, New Wilke Road,
Suite #110
Rolling Meadows, IL, 60008 U.S.A.
Phone: (847) 956-0666
Fax: (847) 956-0702
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
4-8, Kanamachi 2-Chrome,
Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125 Japan
Phone: 03-3607-5111
Fax: 03-3607-5144
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
Block 15, 996, Bendemeer Road
#04-05 to 06, Singapore 339944
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 2963388
Fax: 2963390
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
14 Floor, Eastern Center, 1065
King's Road, Quarry Bay,
Hong Kong
Phone: 28806688
Fax: 25659600
Murata
2200 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna
Georgia 30080 U.S.A.
Phone: (770) 436-1300
Fax: (770) 436-3030
Murata European
Holbeinstrasse 21-23, 90441
Numberg, Postfachanschrift 90015
Phone: 011-4991166870
Fax: 011-49116687225
Murata Taiwan Electronics
225 Chung-Chin Road, Taichung,
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Phone: 011 88642914151
Fax: 011 88644252929
Murata Electronics Singapore
200 Yishun Ave. 7, Singapore
2776, Republic of Singapore
Phone: 011 657584233
Fax: 011 657536181
Murata Hong Kong
Room 709-712 Miramar Tower, 1
Kimberly Road, Tsimshatsui,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: 011-85223763898
Fax: 011-85223755655
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
8
16 coil pulses per half cycle; 87% duty cycle.
EL1 Output
EL2 Output
V
PEAK
=110V (max)
EL1 output; 16 charge steps per half cycle
EL1 Output
EL2 Output
V
PP
=220V (max)
Differential Representation E
12
.
Figure 3. EL Output Voltage in Discrete Steps at EL1 Output
Figure 4. Voltage Pulses Released from the Coil to the EL Driver Circuitry
Figure 5. EL Voltage Waveforms from the EL1 and EL2 Outputs
Figure 6. EL Differential Output Waveform of the EL1 and EL2 Outputs
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
9
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
Figure 7. I
TOTAL
vs Lamp Size
Figure 8. Output Voltage vs Lamp Size
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
Lamp Size (sq in)
I
CC
(mA)
0
50
100
150
200
250
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lamp Size (sq in)
Output V
olta
g
e
(V
PP
)
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
10
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
Figure 9. Luminance (Foot-Lamberts) vs. Lamp Size
Figure 10. Luminance (candela per meter square) vs. Lamp Size
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lamp Size (sq in)
Luminance (fL)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lamp Size (sq in)
Luminance (cd/m 2)
>
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
11
Figure 11. Peak Voltage vs. Frequency
Figure 12. Supply Current vs. Frequency
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Frequency (kHz)
L=1mH (34
L=2.7mH (44
L=4.8mH (60
P
eak V
olta
g
e
(V)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Frequency (kHz)
L=1mH (34
L=2.7mH (44 Ohms)
L=4.8mH (60 Ohms)
Suppl
y Current (mA)
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
12
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
Figure 13. Brightness vs. Frequency
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Frequency (kHz)
L=1mH (34 Ohms)
L=2.7mH (44 Ohms)
L=4.8mH (60 Ohms)
Brightness (fL)
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
13
P
W
1
0.228/0.244
0.150/0.157
0.189/0.197
0.014/0.019
0.050 BSC
0.053/0.069
1
0.013
0.005
0.0256
BSC
0.118
0.004
0.020
2
0.020
0.116
0.004
0.034
0.004
0.040
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.118
0.004
0.118
0.004
0.037
Ref
0.0215
0.006
3.0
3
R .003
12.0
4
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.008
0 - 6
0.012
0.003
0.01
12.0
4
0.16
0.003
0.0965
0.003
0.116
0.004
95 NSOIC devices per tube, no minimum quantity 50
SOIC devices per tube
8-pin NSOIC 13" reels: P = 8mm, W = 12mm
8-pin
SOIC 13" reels: P = 8mm, W = 12mm
Pkg. min qty per reel std qty per reel max qty per reel
EN 500 2500 3000
EU 500 2500 3000
SP4414EN
SP4414EU
All package dimensions in inches
8-pin NSOIC
8-pin
SOIC
SP4414DS/17
SP4414 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
14
ORDERING INFORMATION
Model
Temperature Range
Package Type
SP4414EN . ............................................ -40C to +85C ......................................... 8-Pin NSOIC
SP4414EU . ............................................ -40C to +85C ......................................... 8-Pin
SOIC
SP4414NEB ..................................................... N/A ........................................... Evaluation Board
SP4414UEB ..................................................... N/A ........................................... Evaluation Board
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
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