SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
1
s
Backlights Keypad & LCD With A Single
El Driver
s
A Single External IC Drives Dual EL
Lamps Simultaneously Or Independently
s
A Single Coil Drives Both EL Lamp
s
A Single Resistor Controls the Operating
Frequency
s
DC-to-AC Inverter Produces Up To
200V
P-P
s
Low Current Standby Mode Draws Less
Than 1
A
DESCRIPTION
The SP4480 provides a designer with two electroluminescent lamp drivers for backlighting
solutions. The EL lamp outputs operate in opposite phase so he SP4480 device can be easily
implemented into applications driving two EL lamps simultaneously or driving double-sided,
multi-color EL lamps. The integration of a dual EL lamp driver in a cost-effective single IC
reduces component count and board space requirements. The SP4480 is ideal for portable
applications such as cellular phones, pagers, PDAs, medical equipment, and other designs
with liquid crystal displays, keypads, and backlit readouts. The SP4480 operates from a
+2.2V to +6.0V source. The device features a low power standby mode which draws less than
1
A (maximum). The frequency of the internal oscillator is set with a single external resistor.
A single inductor is required to generate the high voltage AC outputs to drive the EL lamps.
All input pins are ESD protected with internal diodes to V
DD
and V
SS
.
ELEN1
ELEN2
R
OSC
no connect
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL3
1
2
3
4
11
12
13
14
no connect
no connect
V
SS
5
6
7
EL4
COIL
8
9
10
CAP
SP4480
s
+2.2V to +6.0V Battery Operation
Dual Electroluminscent Lamp Driver
SP4480
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of
the device at these ratings or any other above those
indicated in the operation sections of the specifications
below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect
reliability.
Power Supply, V
DD
.................................................7.0V
Input Voltages, Logic.....................-0.3V to (V
DD
+0.3V)
Lamp Outputs...................................................220V
P-P
Operating Temperature.........................-40C to +85C
Storage Temperature..........................-65C to +150C
Power Dissipation Per Package
14-pin SOIC
(derate 8.33mW/C above +70C)....................700mW
14-pin TSSOP
(derate 9.96mW/C above +70C)....................800mW
SPECIFICATIONS
V
DD
= +3.0V, L = 470
H, C
LAMP
= 8nF, R
OSC
= 402k
, and T
AMB
= 25C unless otherwise noted.
STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS
Storage in a low humidity environment is pre-
ferred. Large high density plastic packages are
moisture sensitive and should be stored in Dry
Vapor Barrier Bags. Prior to usage, the parts
should remain bagged and stored below 40
C and
60%RH. If the parts are removed from the bag,
they should be used within 48 hours or stored in an
environment at or below 20%RH. If the above
conditions cannot be followed, the parts should be
baked for four hours at 125
C in order remove
moisture prior to soldering. Sipex ships product in
Dry Vapor Barrier Bags with a humidity indicator
card and desiccant pack. The humidity indicator
should be below 30%RH.
The information furnished by Sipex has been care-
fully reviewed for accuracy and reliability. Its
application or use, however, is solely the respon-
sibility of the user. No responsibility of the use of
this information become part of the terms and
conditions of any subsequent sales agreement
with Sipex. Specifications are subject to change
without no responsibility for any infringement of
patents or other rights of third parties which may
result from its use. No license or proprietary rights
are granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of Sipex Corporation.
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SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
3
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
Pin 1 -- ELEN1 -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Enable 1. When driven HIGH, this input pin
enables the EL driver outputs for EL1 and
EL2. This pin has an internal pulldown
resistor.
Pin 2 -- ELEN2 -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Enable 2. When driven HIGH, this input pin
enables the EL driver outputs for EL3 and
EL4. This pin has an internal pulldown
resistor.
Pin 3 -- R
OSC
-- Oscillator Resistor. Connect-
ing a resistor between V
DD
and this pin sets
the frequency of the internal clock.
Pin 4 -- No Connect.
Pin 5 -- No connect.
Pin 6 -- No connect.
Pin 7 -- V
SS
-- Power Supply Ground. Connect
to the lowest circuit potential, typically
ground.
Pin 8 -- COIL -- Coil. The inductor for the
boost converter is connected from V
BATT
to
this pin.
Pin 9 -- CAP -- Integrating Capacitor. An
integrating capacitor connected from this
pin to ground filters out any coil switching
spikes or ripple present in the output wave-
form to the EL lamps. Connecting a fast
recovery diode from COIL to CAP increases
the light output of the EL lamp.
Pin 10 -- EL4 -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Output 4. This is a high voltage lamp driver
output pin paired with EL3 to drive the EL2
lamp.
Pin 11 -- EL3 -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Output 3. This is a high voltage lamp driver
output pin paired with EL4 to drive the EL2
lamp.
Pin 12 -- EL1 -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Output 1. This is a high voltage lamp driver
output pin paired with EL2 to drive the EL1
lamp.
Pin 13 -- EL2 -- Electroluminescent Lamp
Output 2. This is a high voltage lamp driver
output pin paired with EL1 to drive the EL1
lamp.
Pin 14 -- V
DD
-- Positive Power Supply. This
pin should be bypassed with a 0.1
F capaci-
tor.
ELEN1
ELEN2
R
OSC
no connect
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL3
1
2
3
4
11
12
13
14
no connect
no connect
V
SS
5
6
7
EL4
COIL
8
9
10
CAP
SP4480
PINOUT
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
4
DESCRIPTION
The SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp
Driver is a low-cost, low voltage device ideal for
the replacement of LED backlighting designs in
keypads, handsets, PDAs and other portable
designs. The EL lamp driver outputs operate in
opposite phase so the SP4480 device can be
easily implemented into applications driving
two EL lamps simultaneously or double-sided
EL lamps. Having a dual lamp driver solution
on a single IC makes available precious printed
circuit board real estate for designers additional
circuitry.
The SP4480 contains a DC-AC inverter that can
produce an AC output of 180V
P-P
(typical) from
a +2.2V to +6.0V input voltage. An internal
block diagram of SP4480 can be found in Figure
1.
Figure 1: Internal Block Diagram of SP4480
COIL
SP4480
f
COIL
f
LAMP1
f
LAMP1
SCR1
SCR2
12
13
EL2
EL1
ELEN1
7
V
SS
14
V
DD
SCR3
SCR4
11
10
EL4
EL3
FF7
OSC
f
LAMP2
f
LAMP2
ELEN2
R
OSC
1.8k
3
1
2
8
9
CAP
Electroluminescent Technology
An EL lamp consists of a thin layer of phospho-
rous material sandwiched between two strips of
plastic which emits light (flouresces) when a
high voltage AC signal is applied across it. It
high voltage AC signal is applied across it. It
behaves primarily as a capacitive load. Long
periods of DC voltage applied to the material
tend to reduce its lifetime. With these condi-
tions in mind, the ideal signal to drive an EL
lamp is a high voltage sine wave. Traditional
approaches to achieve this type of waveform
include discrete circuits incorporating a trans-
former, transistors and several resistors and
capacitors. This approach is large and bulky and
cannot be implemented in most handheld equip-
ment. Sipex offers low power single chip driver
circuits specifically designed to drive small to
medium sized electroluminescent panels. Sipex
EL drivers provide a differential AC voltage
without a DC offset to maximize EL lamp life-
time. The only additional components required
for the EL driver circuitry are an inductor, resis-
tor and capacitor.
Electroluminescent backlighting is ideal when
used with LCD's keypads or other backlit dis-
plays. EL lamps uniformly light an area without
creating any undesirable "hot spots" in the dis-
play. Also, an EL lamp consumes less power
that LED's or incandescent bulbs in similar
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
5
lighting situations. These features make EL
ideal for attractive, battery powered products.
THEORY OF OPERATION
Coil Switch
The SP4480 has an inductor-based boost con-
verter to generate the high voltage used to drive
the EL lamp. Energy is stored in the inductor
according to the equation E
L
= 1/2 (LI
pk
2
) where
I
pk
= (t
ON
) (V
BATT
- V
CEsat
) /L. An internal oscil-
lator controls the coil switch. During the time
the coil switch is on, the coil is connected
between V
DD
and the saturation voltage of the
coil switch and a magnetic field develops in the
coil. When the coil switch turns off, the switch
opens, the magnetic field collapses and the volt-
age across the coil rises. The internal diode
forward biases when the coil voltage rises above
the H-Bridge voltage and the energy enters the
EL lamp. Each pulse increases the voltage
across the lamp in discrete steps.
As the voltage approaches its maximum, the
steps become smaller. (see figure 4).
The brightness of the EL lamp output is directly
related to energy recovery in the boost con-
verter. There are many variations among coils
such as magnetic core differences, winding dif-
ferences and parasitic capacitances. For sug-
gested coil suppliers refer to page 10.
Oscillator
The internal oscillator generates a high fre-
quency clock used by the boost converter and H-
Bridge. An external resistor from VDD to
ROSC sets the oscillator frequency. Typically
a 402k
resistor sets the frequency to 57kHz.
The high frequency clock directly controls the
coil switch. This high frequency clock is di-
vided by 128 to generate a low frequency clock
which controls the EL H-Bridge and sets the EL
lamp frequency. The oscillator has low sensi-
tivity to temperature and supply voltage varia-
tions, increasing the performance of the EL
Figure 2: Typical Application Circuit of the SP4480
R
OSC
V
SS
COIL
CAP
SP4480
V
BATT
C1
0.1
F
R
OSC
402k
L1
470
H
8
14
3
1
9
7
ELEN1
D1
1N4148
C
INT
1800pF
V
DD
EL2
EL1
EL Lamp
10
12
1nF
2
ELEN2
* optional device
EL4
EL3
13
11
EL Lamp
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
6
Increasing Light Output
EL lamp light output can be improved by con-
necting a fast recovery diode from the COIL pin
to the CAP pin. The internal diode is bypassed
resulting in an increase in light output at the EL
lamp. We suggest a fast recovery diode such as
the industry standard 1N4148.
The optimal value of C
INT
will vary depending
on the lamp parameters and coil value. Lower
C
INT
values can decrease average supply current
but higher C
INT
values can increase lamp bright-
ness. This is best determined by experimenta-
tion. A rule of thumb is larger coils (1mH) are
paired with a smaller C
INT
(680pF) and smaller
coils (470
H) are paired with a larger C
INT
(1800pF).
Changing the EL lamp Output Voltage
Waveform
Designers can alter the sawtooth output voltage
waveform to the EL lamp. Increasing the ca-
pacitance of the integration capacitor, C
INT
, will
integrate the sawtooth waveform making it ap-
pear more like a square wave.
driver over the operating parameters.
Dual H-Bridge
The H-Bridge consists of two SCR structures
and two NPN transistors that control how the
lamp is charged. Setting ELEN1 to HIGH
activates the EL1 and EL2 outputs. Setting
ELEN2 to HIGH activates EL3 and EL4 out-
puts. The EL driver illuminates the lamp by
applying the high voltage supply of the boost
converter to the lamp terminals through the H-
Bridge and then switching the terminals polarity
between the high voltage supply and ground at
a constant frequency. This applies an AC volt-
age to the lamp that is twice the peak output
voltage of the boost driver. An AC voltage
greater than the 40V across the terminals of the
lamp is typically necessary to adequately illu-
minate the EL lamp.
Both EL drivers may be operated simultaneously
but with decreased light output from the EL
panels.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Inductor Selection
If limiting peak current draw from the power
supply is important, small coil values (<1mH)
may need a higher oscillator frequency. Induc-
tor current ramps faster in a lower inductance
coil than a higher inductance coil for a given coil
switch on time period, resulting in higher peak
coil currents.
It is important to observe the saturation current
rating of a coil. When this current is exceeded,
the coil is incapable of storing any more energy
and then ceases to act as an inductor. Instead,
the coil behaves according to its series DC
resistance. Since small coils (<1mH) have in-
herently low series DC resistance, the current
can peak dramatically through a small coil dur-
ing saturation. This situation results in wasted
energy not stored in the magnetics of the coil but
expressed as heating which could lead to failure
of the coil.
Generally, selecting a coil with lower series DC
resistance will result in a system with higher
efficiency and lamp brightness.
Lamp Effects
EL lamp parameters vary between manufactur-
ers. Series DC resistance, lighting efficiency
and lamp capacitance per area differ the most
overall. Larger lamps require more energy to
illuminate. Lowering the oscillator frequency
allows more energy to be stored in the coil
during each coil switch cycle and increases
lamp brightness. The oscillator frequency can
be lowered to a point where the lamp brightness
then begins to drop because the lamp frequency
must be above a critical frequency (approx.
100Hz) to light. Lamp color is affected by the
switching frequency of the EL driver. Green EL
lamps will emit a more blue light as EL lamp
frequency increases.
Noise Decoupling on Logic Inputs
If ELEN1 or ELEN2 are connected to traces
susceptible to noise, it may be necessary to
connect bypass capacitors of approximately 10nF
between ELEN1 and VSS and ELEN2 and VSS.
If these inputs are driven by a microprocessor
which provides a low impedance HIGH and
LOW signal, then noise bypassing may not be
necessary.
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
7
Printed Circuit Board Layout Sugges-
tions
The EL driver's high-frequency operation makes
PCB layout important for minimizing electrical
noise. Keep the IC's GND pin and the ground
leads of C1 and C
INT
less than 0.2in (5mm) apart.
Also keep the connections to the COIL pin as
short as possible. To maximize output power
and efficiency and minimize output ripple volt-
age, use a ground plane and solder the IC's VSS
pin directly to the ground plane.
EL Lamp Driver Design Challenges
There are many
variables which can be opti-
mized for specific applications. The amount of
light emitted is a function of the voltage applied
to the lamp, the frequency at which is applied,
the lamp material, the lamp size, and the induc-
tor used. Sipex supplies characterization charts
to aid the designer in selecting the optimum
circuit configuration.
Sipex will perform customer application evalu-
ations, using the customer's actual EL lamp to
determine the optimum operating conditions for
specific applications. For customers consider-
ing an EL backlighting solution for the first
time, Sipex is able to provide retrofits to non-
backlit products for a thorough electrical and
cosmetic evaluation. Please contact your local
Sipex sales Representative or the Sipex factory
directly to initiate this valuable service.
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
8
Figure 3: Test Circuit Digram of SP4480
R
OSC
SP4480
3
4
2
9
8
ELEN2
1N4148
1
ELEN1
EL4
EL3
N/C
N/C
5
6
7
N/C
14
13
12
11
10
+3V
V
DD
EL2
EL1
COIL
CAP
+3V
1000pF
C
EL1
0.1
F
V
SS
+3V
820
H*
*DC Resistance 13
*
7.3nF, 2.5in
2
1nF
500k
7.3nF, 2.5in
2
C
EL2
Figure 4: Typical EL Lamp Voltage Waveform
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
9
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Inductor Value (
H)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
Lumi.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
400
600
800
1000
R
OSC
(k
)
V
CAP,pk
I
DD
V
CAP,pk
I
D
D
(m
A
), V
C
A
P
,
p
k
(V
)
I
D
D
(m
A
), V
C
A
P
,
p
k
(V
)
L
u
m
in
a
n
c
e
(ft-L
)
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
200
400
600
800
1000
R
OSC
(k
)
Freq.
Lumi.
L
a
m
p
F
re
q
. (H
z
)
L
u
m
in
a
n
c
e
(ft-L
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
V
DD
(V)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Lumi.
V
CAP,pk
I
DD
I
D
D
(m
A
), V
C
A
P
,
p
k
(V
)
L
u
m
in
a
n
c
e
(ft-L
)
I
DD
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
10
EL Lamp manufacturers
Leading Edge Ind. Inc.
11578 Encore Circle
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Phone 1-800-845-6992
Midori Mark Ltd.
1-5 Komagata 2-Chome
Taita-Ku 111-0043 Japan
Phone: 81-03-3848-2011
Luminescent Systems inc. (LSI)
101 Etna Road
Lebanon, NH. 03766-9004
Phone: (603) 448-3444
Fax: (603) 448-3452
Polarizers/transflector Mnfg.
Nitto Denko
Yoshi Shinozuka
Bayside Business Park 48500
Fremont, CA. 94538
Phone: 510 445 5400
Fax: 510 445-5480
Top Polarizer- NPF F1205DU
Bottom - NPF F4225
or (F4205) P3 w/transflector
Transflector Material
Astra Products
Mark Bogin
P.O. Box 479
Baldwin, NJ 11510
Phone (516)-223-7500
Fax (516)-868-2371
NEC Corporation
Yumi Saskai
7-1, Shiba 5 Chome, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 108-01, Japan
Phone: (03) 3798-9572
Fax: (03) 3798-6134
Seiko Precision
Shuzo Abe
1-1, Taihei 4-Chome,
Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 139 Japan
Phone: (03) 5610-7089
Fax: (03) 5610-7177
Gunze Electronics
2113 Wells Branch Parkway
Austin, TX 78728
Phone: (512) 752-1299
Fax: (512) 252-1181
Coil Manufacturers
Hitachi Metals
Material Trading Division
2101 S. Arlington Heights Road,
Suite 116
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-4142
Phone: 1-800-777-8343 Ext. 12
(847) 364-7200 Ext. 12
Fax: (847) 364-7279
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Europe
Immernannstrasse 14-16, 40210
Dusseldorf, Germany
Contact: Gary Loos
Phone: 49-211-16009-0
Fax: 49-211-16009-29
Hitachi Metals Ltd.
Kishimoto Bldg. 2-1, Marunouchi
2-chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Contact: Mr. Noboru Abe
Phone: 3-3284-4936
Fax: 3-3287-1945
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Singapore
78 Shenton Way #12-01,
Singapore 079120
Contact: Mr. Stan Kaiko
Phone: 222-8077
Fax: 222-5232
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Hong Kong
Room 1107, 11/F., West Wing,
Tsim Sha. Tsui Center 66
Mody Road,Tsimshatsui East,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: 2724-4188
Fax: 2311-2095
Panasonic.
6550 Katella Ave
Cypress, CA 90630-5102
Phone: (714) 373-7366
Fax: (714) 373-7323
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
5999, New Wilke Road,
Suite #110
Rolling Meadows, IL,60008 U.S.A.
Phone: (847) 956-0666
Fax: (847) 956-0702
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
4-8, Kanamachi 2-Chrome,
Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125 Japan
Phone: 03-3607-5111
Fax: 03-3607-5144
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
Block 15, 996, Bendemeer Road
#04-05 to 06, Singapore 339944
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 2963388
Fax: 2963390
Sumida Electric Co., LTD.
14 Floor, Eastern Center, 1065
King's Road, Quarry Bay,
Hong Kong
Phone: 28806688
Fax: 25659600
Murata
2200 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna
Georgia 30080 U.S.A.
Phone: (770) 436-1300
Fax: (770) 436-3030
Murata European
Holbeinstrasse 21-23, 90441
Numberg, Postfachanschrift 90015
Phone: 011-4991166870
Fax: 011-49116687225
Murata Taiwan Electronics
225 Chung-Chin Road, Taichung,
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Phone: 011 88642914151
Fax: 011 88644252929
Murata Electronics Singapore
200 Yishun Ave. 7, Singapore
2776, Republic of Singapore
Phone: 011 657584233
Fax: 011 657536181
Murata Hong Kong
Room 709-712 Miramar Tower, 1
Kimberly Road, Tsimshatsui,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phone: 011-85223763898
Fax: 011-85223755655
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
11
PACKAGE: PLASTIC NARROW
SMALL OUTLINE
(NSOIC)
DIMENSIONS
in. (mm)
Minimum/Maximum
14PIN
A
A1
L
B
e
A
A1
B
D
E
e
H
L
0.053/0.069
(1.346/1.748)
0.004/0.010
(0.102/0.249)
0.014/0.018
(0.360/0.460)
0.337/0.344
(8.552/8.748)
0.150/0.157
(3.802/3.988)
0.050 BSC
(1.270 BSC)
0.228/0.244
(5.801/6.198)
0.016/0.050
(0.406/1.270)
0
/8
(0
/8
)
H
E
D
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
12
PACKAGE: PLASTIC THIN SMALL
OUTLINE
(TSSOP)
DIMENSIONS
in inches (mm)
Minimum/Maximum
14PIN
A
A1
L
B
e
A
A1
B
D
E1
e
E2
L
- /0.043
(- /1.10)
0.002/0.006
(0.05/0.15)
0.007/0.012
(0.19/0.30)
0.193/0.201
(4.90/5.10)
0.169/0.177
(4.30/4.50)
0.026 BSC
(0.65 BSC)
0.126 BSC
(3.20 BSC)
0.020/0.030
(0.50/0.75)
0
/8
E2
D
E1
SP4480DS/06
SP4480 Dual Electroluminescent Lamp Driver
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
13
ORDERING INFORMATION
Model
Temperature Range
Package Type
SP4480EN .............................................. -40C to +85C ....................................... 14-Pin NSOIC
SP4480EY .............................................. -40C to +85C ...................................... 14-Pin TSSOP
SP4480NEB ........................................................................................................ Evaluation Board
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and Main Offices:
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 935-7600
FAX: (408) 934-7500
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described hereing; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Corporation
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